An ethical issue is an identifiable situation and also an opportunity which requires an individual or organization to choose from the actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical, etc. Product– related ethical issues arise when marketers fail to disclose the risks associated with a product. In pricing, common ethical issues are price fixing or failure to disclose the f...

The increasing emphasis on evidence-based clinical practice has thrown into sharp focus multiple deficiencies in current systems of ethical review. This paper argues that a complete overhaul of systems for ethical oversight of studies involving human subjects is now required as developments in medical, epidemiological and genetic research have outstripped existing structures for ethical supervi...

the  main purpose of the present study­ is to compile pre- marriage  counseling content according to ethical and spiritual factors and skills predicting a successful marriage. the statistical population included all the couples  who referred to tabriz health centers in the year 2010, from among whom 40 couples were chosen by using systematic sampling. semi-structured interview was used to colle...

Personal responsibility is a powerful idea supported by many values central to West European thought. On the conceptual level personal responsibility is a complex notion. It is important to separate the concept of being responsible for a given state of affairs from the concept of holding people responsible by introducing measures that decrease their share of available resources. Introducing per...

Decisions regarding information assurance and IT security can affect individuals’ rights and obligations and thereby acquire a moral quality. The same can be said for questions of privacy. This chapter starts by showing how and why information assurance and privacy can become problems worthy of ethical consideration. It demonstrates that there is no simple and linear relationship between ethics...

Decision makers have considerable autonomy on how they make decisions and what type of support they receive. This situation places the DSS analyst in a different relationship with the client than his colleagues who support regular MIS applications. This paper addresses an ethical dilemma in “Inverse Decision Support,” when the analyst supports a decision maker who requires justification for a p...

Among the various contemporary schools of moral thinking, consequence-based ethics, as opposed to rule-based, seems to have a good acceptance among professionals such as software engineers. But naïve consequentialism is intellectually too weak to serve as a practical guide in the profession. Besides, the complexity of software systems makes it very hard to know in advance the consequences that ...

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Abdoler et al. (1) on the ethics-based interpretation of phase 0 trials in cancer patients. In our opinion, drugs that consistently show favorable toxicity profile and beneficial therapeutic activity in preclinical models should be tested in anima nobile . This is particularly important for molecular targeted therapies, in which impressi...

1 Chin-Dusting JPF, Dart AM. Age and the treatment gap in the use of statins. Lancet 2003; 361: 1925–26. 2 DeWilde S, Carey IM, Bremner SA, Richards N, Hilton SR, Cook DG. Evolution of statin prescribing 1994–2001: a case of ageism but not of sexism. Heart 2003; 89: 417–21. 3 Whincup PH, Emberson JR, Lennon L, Walker M, Papacosta O, Thompson A. Low prevalence of lipid lowering drug use in older...