This scholarly article delves into the multifaceted nature of ethnic and religious conflicts in India, a country renowned for its diverse cultural social tapestry. The paper explores historical, socio-political, economic factors that contribute to these conflicts, while also examining implications national stability unity. Through an interdisciplinary approach, study analyzes various instances ...

How does a state’s ethnic composition affect its propensity to engage in diversionary conflicts? Recent empirical work has examined the political conditions under which domestic unrest compels an embattled leader to initiate conflict abroad. We remain largely uncertain, however, of what social or demographic characteristics make states particularly prone to diversionary behavior. This paper tak...

Burns and fire disasters are sad but common and obligatory components of armed conflicts, and with the increasing sophistication of weaponry and of chemical and nuclear devices the problem is not set to disappear; on the contrary. Indeed, with the (fortunate) decrease of major international wars but with the (unfortunate) increase of smaller ethnic and sectarian but equally treacherous conflict...

I critically review recent studies that estimate those costs of violence and conflict that can emerge among organized political groupings, from states, religious and ethnic organizations to guerillas and paramilitaries. The review includes studies that estimate direct and indirect costs due to internal conflicts (civil wars and other lowerlevel conflicts), terrorism, and external conflicts, inc...