A local smoothing operator applied in the reverse direction is used to obtain planar shape enhancement and exaggeration. Inversion of a smoothing operator is an inherently unstable operation. Therefore, a stable numerical scheme simulating the inverse smoothing effect is introduced. Enhancement is obtained for short time spans of evolution. Carrying the evolution further yields shape exaggerati...

Communication in noise differs in a fundamental way from communication without noise, because a receiver faces four possible outcomes every time it checks its input. These outcomes present inevitable trade-offs for a receiver in adjusting its threshold for response. A signaler also faces trade-offs, in this case between costs and benefits as the exaggeration of signals increases. Furthermore, a...

the present article is about the zemakhshari’s al-kashaf commentary. in this book the author has paid a lot of attention to the literary aspects of quran.one of the most important aspects of this commentary is it’s lexical analysis of the words. the researcher then compares these analyses with those which exist in quran while providing reasons and explaining his views about them.