recent attitude of vegetation assessors is using of new ecologic approaches to evaluate and analyse the complex rangeland ecosystems. plant diversity is the most important indices to assess the ecological changes of rangelands. in order to survey of plant indices of rangelands, two exclosure areas (long-term and mid-term) and a grazing area in rangelands of javaherdeh (ramsar, iran) were select...

It has been suggested that tropical defaunation may unleash community-wide cascading effects, leading to reductions in plant diversity. However, experimental evidence establishing cause-effect relationships thereof is poor. Through a 5 year exclosure experiment, we tested the hypothesis that mammalian defaunation affects tree seedling/sapling community dynamics leading to reductions in understo...

Catherine A. Gehring,* Julie E. Wolf and Tad C. Theimer Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 860115640, USA Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia *Correspondence: E-mail: catherine.gehring@ nau.edu Abstract We examined whether terrestrial vertebrates affected the arbuscular mycorrhizal funga...

Management practices can disturb ecological communities in grazing lands, which represent one-quarter of land surface. But three knowledge gaps exist regarding disturbances: disturbances potentially interact but are most often studied singly; experiments with multiple ecosystems as treatment units are rare; and relatively new metrics of phylogenetic community structure have not been widely appl...

The effects of fall and spring sheep use on cover components and recovery following a change in seasonality of grazing practices, were studied within long-term grazing treatments of threetip sagebrush (Artemisia tripartitu Rydb.) steppe on the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station near Dubois, Ida. Few significant differences existed among treatments within the litter, moss, lichen, and soil components...

Using a decade-long exclosure experiment in Panama, we tested the hypothesis that ground-dwelling vertebrate herbivores and seed predators are crucial determinants of tropical tree diversity and abundance within the understory. Our exclosure experiment is a community-level test of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Therefore, we predicted that vertebrate exclusion would (a) increase plant densities...

Forest restoration with area exclosure has the hopeful strategy for nature conservation and social development goals as a countermeasure against deforestation forest degradation. However, status of these interventions is not well known scientific evaluation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate institutional exclosures. To do this, three districts in agroecologies were selected purposively based ...

in recent years, rangelands have been regarded as potential carbon sinks. one of the most widely suggested options to sequester more c in rangelands is the restoration of the degraded rangelands through grazing the exclusion. in present study, the effects of exclusion on the carbon sequestration of gomishan rangelands were investigated. three transects were established in a key area inside and ...

 In recent years, rangelands have been regarded as potential carbon sinks. One of the most widely suggested options to sequester more C in rangelands is the restoration of the degraded rangelands through grazing the exclusion. In present study, the effects of exclusion on the carbon sequestration of Gomishan rangelands were investigated. Three transects were established in a key area inside and...

Changes in Species Diversity and Soil Seed Bank under the Exclosure Different Intensity of Livestock Grazing Deteriorated Forests Middle Zagros