A model is proposed that elegantly unifies the traditional exemplar and prototype models. These two models are extreme cases of the proposed varying abstraction model. The unifying model further makes room for many new intermediate pseudo-exemplar models. A preliminary analysis using Medin and Schaffer’s (1978) 5-4 structure pointed to such an intermediate model that outperformed the prototype ...

We examined how expectation influences perception of complex objects. Participants discriminated between normal and distorted images of famous faces or places. Word cues (mostly valid) indicated either the general category or the exact identity of the upcoming image pair. Whereas category cues did not affect performance, valid exemplar expectation led to performance benefits. Furthermore, discr...

Newell, Mitchell, and Hayes (NMH) conduct three experiments designed to test whether exemplar cuing (EC) theory or a statistical format theory provides a more accurate account for how people make judgments about low-probability events. They report finding support for the statistical format theory and little or no support for EC. However, NMHmisstate the requirements for the production of exempl...

We tackle the task of Class Agnostic Counting, which aims to count objects in a novel object category at test time without any access labeled training data for that category. All previous class agnostic counting methods cannot work fully automated setting, and require computationally expensive adaptation. To address these challenges, we propose visual counter operates setting does not Our propo...

Character recognition in natural scenes continues to represent a formidable challenge in computer vision. Traditional optical character recognition (OCR) methods fail to perform well on characters from scene text owing to a variety of difficulties in background clutter, binarisation, and arbitrary skew. Further, English characters group into only 62 classes whereas many of the world’s languages...

In this study, an exemplar-based classifier was developed to predict which decision strategy may underlie an empirical ocular search behavior. Our rationale was mainly inspired by the exemplar-based models of categorization; that is, different decision strategies are conceived as different concepts, with the exemplar referring to the sequence of empirical fixations on decision information durin...