background:   brucellosis is one of the most common chronic diseases, with widespread distribution. in spite of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) modulated mainly via activated t-helper type 1 (th1) cells, brucellosis can advance to chronic disease in about 10-30% of cases. regulatory t cells (treg cells) are involved the immune response to brucellosis; however, their role, particularly in the chang...

background: regulatory t cells have been suggested to have a protective role against acute rejection in allograft recipients. however, there is little information available about their contribution to chronic rejection process. the role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf- β1) as a profibrogenic and/or immunoregulatory cytokine in renal allografts is also controversial. objectives: to eva...

Chronic viral infections are often characterized by CD8 T-cell responses with poor cytokine secretion potential and limited expansion of the CD8 T-cell pool, collectively referred to as CD8 T-cell exhaustion. Exhaustion of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific CD8 T cells was shown to be partially regulated by the inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Here, we demonstrate ...

up-regulation of cd4+cd25+cd127low/- regulatory t cells (tregs) is a new target in the treatment of asthma. human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can up-regulate cd4+cd25+cd127low/- regulatory t cells in vitro,  meanwhile, heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) plays an important role in the development and maintenance of cd4+cd25+ regulatory t cells. however the mechanism has not yet been adequately under...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of  the  central  nervous  system (cns), which mainly affects  young adults. activated t lymphocytes promote the neuro-inflammatory cascade of ms by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and play a significant role in its pathogenesis. t  lymphocytes may trigger the inflammation, which in turn leads to axonal...

atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the arterial wall. oxidized low- density lipoprotein (ox-ldl) seems to have an important role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. this study was performed to investigate the effects of ox-ldl as well as pha on proliferation and gene expression of  peripheral blood  mononuclear  cells (pbmcs) in patients with atherosclerosis compa...

Background: The immune tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to controlling disease progression in skin cancer. We aim compare the TME these cancers better inform prognosis and therapeutic decision making. Methods: CD8+ infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) obtained from fresh immunocompetent SCC (n=5) BCC (n=12) tumors solid-organ transplant recipient (“TSCC”, n=6) were subject single-cell RNA profili...