BACKGROUND Limitations in physical activity are considered as a key problem in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Contemporary methods to assess the level of physical activity in PwMS are regular clinical observation. However, these methods either rely on high recall and accurate reporting from the patients (e.g. self-report questionnaires), or they are conducted during a particular clini...

Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is the most widely used clinical scale to evaluate levels of multiple sclerosis (MS). As MS can lead to disruptions in the regulation of balance and the disability can be evaluated by force platform posturography, we have developed in this study a new strategy to estimate EDSS from posturographic data. 118 volunteers with EDSS ranging from 0 to 4.5 partic...

OBJECTIVE To prospectively characterize the relation between 1-year changes in neurologist ratings of abnormalities as measured by means of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and changes in observations of functional impairment as measured by means of the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) in the clinical assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS One hundred twenty p...

The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) is an ordinal score that measures progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Progression is defined as reaching EDSS of a certain level (absolute progression) or increasing of one point of EDSS (relative progression). Survival methods for time to progression are not adequate for such data since they do not exploit the EDSS level at the end of follow-up. ...

The key problem of the theory of exterior differential systems (EDS) is to decide whether or not a system is in involution. The special case of EDSs generated by one-forms (Pfaffian systems) can be adequately illustrated by a 2-dimensional example. In 4 dimensions two such problems arise in a natural way, namely, the Riemann-Lanczos and the Weyl-Lanczos problems. It is known from the work of Ba...

Materials and methods: The study was based on a mixed method, based partly on real-world data on 546 RRMS patients treated with IFNβ from a previous observational study [1], and partly from the review of cost studies in the published literature. Reverting and fluctuating patients were not considered in this evaluation. EDSS level (measured at 630 months) and average relapse rates were analysed ...

During the preliminary stages of many engineering design tasks, the underlying search space is unbounded and inexact. Initial decisions are made when information is incomplete and many goals are contradictory. This sort of problem appeared in Catalonia for the identification of appropriate wastewater treatment systems in small communities, as well as for proposing appropriate operational and ma...

BACKGROUND Exercise programmes that can demonstrate evidence of long-lasting clinical effectiveness are needed for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a practically implemented exercise programme on self-directed exercise behaviour and important health outcomes in PwMS to nine months of follow-up. METHODS We conducted a p...

OBJECTIVE The current study examined driver behaviors and patterns among drivers with multiple sclerosis (MS) as a function of disease severity and in comparison to drivers without MS. DESIGN Between-group comparisons of participants with and without MS and cohorts of MS groups at varying levels of severity. SETTING All data were collected in an outpatient research setting. PARTICIPANTS C...

BACKGROUND Patient-Reported Expanded Disability Status Scale (PREDSS) tools are an attractive alternative to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) during long term or geographically challenging studies, or in pressured clinical service environments. OBJECTIVES Because the studies reporting these tools have used different metrics to compare the PREDSS and EDSS, we undertook an individual...