background/objective: this study aimed to address the knowledge gap in citizenship education. in other words, there was an attempt to investigate the effect of a citizenship education program on knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intention of high schools girls. methods: 228 female students, 91 in the experimental and 137 in the control groups participated in this study. a q...

Although there were studies that presented the applications of metacognitive skill training, the research on web-based metacognitive skills training are few. The purpose of this study is to design a web-based learning environment and further examine the effect of the web-based training. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Fifty-three college students were assign...

the current study intended to investigate the effectiveness of cooperative learning on math anxiety, attitude toward mathematics, and academic achievement of female high school students. the study method was experimental and was conducted by pretest-posttest design with the control group. the population included all female high school students (second year) who were studying experimental scienc...

Background: Pregnant women tend to experience anxiety and stress when faced with the changes to their biological, social and psychological levels. The identification of these factors and the prevention of their side effects are vital for both mother and fetus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) on maternal anxiety and depres...

background: motherhood is a transformative and pleasing experience in a woman’s life. however, given the physical and psychological changes, it can induce a degree of stress and anxiety in mothers. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management (cbsm) on maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy and newborns’ apgar scores. methods: this...

This paper intends to study the effect of explicit-inductive and explicit-deductive grammar instruction on the acquisition of relative clauses by Persian learners of English. The two intact classes were randomly assigned to one of the treatments, inductive or deductive. Both groups received instruction about English relative clauses using the explicit-inductive (experimental group), or the expl...

Introduction: Very little prospective, randomized, experimental research exists on the use of simulation as a teaching method, and no studies have compared the effects of 2 strategies of using the Human Patient Simulator (HPS) and a CD-ROM on the management of patients exposed to chemical agents. Methods: A prospective, pretest-posttest experimental, mixed design (within and between) was used t...

Although osteoporosis is a preventable disease affecting millions of people, public awareness remains low. This study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to explore osteoporosis knowledge among adolescent female students in Jordan. A questionnaire was administered to 148 students recruited from a secondary school in the city of Irbid before and after a series of health education s...

The authors investigated the relation between mental rotation (MR) and computer game-playing experience. Third grade boys (n = 24) and girls (n = 23) completed a 2-dimensional MR test before and after playing computer games (during 11 separate 30-min sessions), which either involved the use of MR skills (the experimental group) or did not involve the use of MR skills (the control group). The ex...