İdarelerin tek yanlı iradeleri ile özel mülkiyette bulunan taşınmazları kamulaştırmaları karşılığında taşınmaz sahiplerine kural olarak taşınmazların bedellerini nakden ve peşin ödemeleri gerekmektedir. Ancak sahiplerinin kabul etmesi halinde trampa yolu kamulaştırma yapılması da mümkündür. 2942 sayılı Kamulaştırma Kanunu’nun 26. maddesinde için gereken şartlar sayılmıştır. Buna göre idarenin v...

This paper develops a unified framework to analyze the dynamics of firm investment in countries with poor legal enforcement. The firm’s technology edge over the government generates endogenous property rights. Industry variation in the technology gap predicts a sectoral pecking-order of expropriations. Long-run investment distortions may be Pareto superior relative to persistent investment at t...

* I would like to thank Philip Keefer for the institutional data. Responsibility for all errors, omissions, and opinions rests solely with the author. All findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. This paper assesses th...

Prior studies have documented that in firm-supplier relations where the firm makes an investment up-front, the profits are exposed to expropriation by the supplier, and results in underinvestment. We analyze such a firm-supplier relation in a bargaining framework, and show that the bargaining power of the firm is positively related to the resale value of its investment, and negatively related t...

This paper undertakes a unique study of the determinants of corporate governance in the West African developing region and their impact on director compensation. A new measure of director total remuneration is constructed providing a conservative estimate of expropriation of private benefits of control. Using a hand-collected sample of 51 West African IPO firms from 2000 and 2011 we find eviden...

The ‘expropriation of the expropriators’ is a delicious turn phrase, one that Marx even compares to Hegel’s infamous ‘negation negation’. But what does it mean, and still relevant today? Before I analyse content Marx’s expression, briefly consider contemporary legal understandings expropriation, as well some examples it. In remainder essay, spell out different kinds expropriation in focus on an...

Spend your few moment to read a book even only few pages. Reading book is not obligation and force for everybody. When you don't want to read, you can get punishment from the publisher. Read a book becomes a choice of your different characteristics. Many people with reading habit will always be enjoyable to read, or on the contrary. For some reasons, this limits to medicine medical nemesis the ...