background: cigarette butts have been shown to release numerous kinds of chemicals such as heavy metals in water and may be a continual source of aquatic environments contamination after discarding. the objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of cd and pb in cigarette filters of different iranian and non-iranian brands in smoked and non-smoked samples. methods: ten dif...

Environmental radiation permeates space, air soil, and water around us. It has been naturally present since the birth of Earth about 4.65 billion years ago in a massive supernova explosion creating the heavy elements on earth and the other rocky planets Mars, Venus and Mercury. Consequently, life has evolved in the ashes and remnants of this explosion which were gravitationally grabbed in space...

The nonequilibrium effective potential is computed for the Frank model of spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) in chemistry in which external noise is introduced to account for random environmental effects. When these fluctuations exceed a critical magnitude, mirror symmetry is restored. The competition between ambient noise and the chiral bias due to physical fields and polarized radiat...

We run the risk that terrorists will decide to detonate an explosive device laced with radioactive materials (a radiological dispersal device, or RDD). If such an attack occurs, it is unlikely that the affected population or emergency responders would be exposed to high levels of external radiation, although airborne radionuclides may present a health risk under some circumstances. However, the...

patients receiving diagnostic doses of radiopharmaceuticals become a source of contamination and exposure for those who come in contact with them, such as nuclear medicine technologists, relatives and nurses. therefore, the measurement of external radiation dose from these patients is necessary. in this study, the dose rates at distances of 10, 50 and 100cm from 70 patients who received diagnos...

Depleted uranium (DU) is an important by product in uranium enrichment process. Due toits applications in civilian and also military activity, DU emerged as environmental pollutant.The exposure to DU can occur via external or internal pathways. In external exposure, mainlybeta radiation from the decay products contributes to DU toxicity. Internal exposure to DUis more im...

external exposed radiation may play an important role in pathogens of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), although is thought to arise due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. the result is dysregulated immune responses due to alteration in the gut microbiota population and the subsequent development of gut inflammation. it has recently been shown that the effect of ionizing radia...

Depleted uranium (DU) is an important by product in uranium enrichment process. Due toits applications in civilian and also military activity, DU emerged as environmental pollutant.The exposure to DU can occur via external or internal pathways. In external exposure, mainlybeta radiation from the decay products contributes to DU toxicity. Internal exposure to DUis more im...