Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare complex malformation characterized by the clinical triad of capillary malformations, soft tissue and bone hypertrophy, and venous/lymphatic malformation. Fractures of long bones in such cases are challenging to treat. A 12-year-old female with this syndrome presented with femoral shaft fracture of right thigh. She was initially kept on skeletal tractio...

The dural arteriovenous malformation in the occipitomastoid region usually has multiple arterial tributaries from the internal and external carotid and vertebral arteries. They converge towards the proximal segment of the sigmoid sinus, where the arterial blood is shunted into the venous channel. Five cases of this malformation are described. In four of them attempts were made to eliminate the ...

Primary intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are not infrequently encountered. We report a case of intraosseous arteriovenous malformation arising in the left temporal bone. A 51-year-old male patient presented with loss of conscious. Computerized tomography displayed hematoma measuring 4 cm in diameter in the left temporal lobe. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed that a tem...

A 34-year-old man was admitted in the emergency room with headache, vomiting, gait ataxia, dizziness and vertigo. He was submitted to a cranial CT that showed an important hydrocephalus secondary to a forth ventricle compression by a posterior fossa hematoma. He received advanced life support in an intensive care unit (ICU) and was submitted to an external ventricular drainage (EVD), posteriorl...

Caudal duplication (dipygus) is an uncommon pathologic of conjoined twinning. The conjoined malformation is classified according to the nature and site of the union. We report the presence of this malformation in a female crossbreed puppy. The puppy was delivered by caesarean section following a prolonged period of dystocia. External findings showed a single head (monocephalus) and a normal cra...

Purkayastha et al reported 3 cases of proatlantal intersegmental arteries of external carotid artery origin associated with Galen’s vein malformation; however, because of their configuration, I believe that the 3 cases do not demonstrate this rare arterial variation, but rather show collateral blood flow from the occipital artery (OA) to the vertebral artery (VA). In patients with a vein of Gal...

Purkayastha et al reported 3 cases of proatlantal intersegmental arteries of external carotid artery origin associated with Galen’s vein malformation; however, because of their configuration, I believe that the 3 cases do not demonstrate this rare arterial variation, but rather show collateral blood flow from the occipital artery (OA) to the vertebral artery (VA). In patients with a vein of Gal...

Congenital aniridia manifests with total or partial absence of the iris. The association disease PAX6 gene has been proven. Changes in structure lead to intrauterine pathology, visual organ malformation, malformation master regulator proteins organogenesis affecting various cells’ differentiation (central nervous system cells included). Such disorders result into development PAX6-associated syn...

A extremely rare case of unilateral retinocephalic vascular malformation (Wyburn-Mason syndrome) was reported. A 5 year-old girl was seen to a ophthalmologist complaining of exophthalmus of her left eye after trauma on her face for the past 2 months. On ophthalmologic examinations, retinal arteriovenous malformation was recognized in her left eye and she was referred to neurosurgical service fo...