The purpose of this study was to quantify real-world highway sign reading behavior while driving at night. Sign reading behavior was assessed using traditional self-report augmented by an in-vehicle eye tracking system. Good agreement was found between eye movement data (last-look distance) and verbal report measures of sign legibility distance (r = 0.9). Significant reductions in legibility di...

The present study evaluated whether during a matching-to-sample procedure (MTS), the time spent observing stimuli is related to the establishment of selection or rejection controlling relationships in human participants. It also evaluated whether different response topographies (i.e., participants using the keyboard or mouse) would influence the duration of eye fixations. Ten college students p...

1 Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 Monument Street, Suite 2-300, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA 2 John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK 3 Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive,...

Despite the rapid advances i n development of parallel processing sys tems in recent years, the progress i n software development t o effectively utilize the parallel processing sys tems has been relatively slow. I n this paper, a n object-oriented approach t o software development for parallel processing sys tems i s presented. T h i s approach i s based o n a computat ion model which incorpor...

Over the last few years a number of application systems have been constructed that a l l o w u s e r s to a c c e s s d a t a b a s e s by pos ing q u e s t i o n s in n a t u r a l languages, such as E n g l i s h . When used i n the r e s t r i c t e d domains f o r which they have been e s p e c i a l l y d e s i g n e d , t h e s e sys tems have ach i eved r e a s o n a b l y h igh l e v e ...

To increase a player’s immersion in the game world, its objects should behave as one would reasonably expect. For this, it is now becoming increasingly clear that what game objects really miss is richer semantics, not eye-catching visuals. Current games’ lack of semantics is mostly due to the difficulty of game designers to realize such complex objects. This paper proposes a solution to this pr...

Previous studies have employed various models for exploring menu use, focusing mainly on short menus. In this study, long pull-down menus were examined in an item selection experiment. Our base model assumed that 1) the first eye fixation was located at the top, middle, or end of a menu depending on the search item; 2) menu scanning is either downward or upward; 3) the mouse was slowly moved do...

Because of e-learning environments characteristics of learners include isolation from the instructor or peer learners, therefore providing social cues or emotional feedback has been seriously considered by inserting pedagogical agents into digital contents. However, there exists controversies for introducing pedagogical agents into digital contents, pros are fostering learner motivation and lea...

The aim o f t h e paper i s t o d i s c u s s s e v e r a l i s s u e s t h a t u s u a l l y o c c u r when c o m p u t a t i o n a l l i n g u i s t i c s comes i n t o i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h so r a p i d l y g rowing s~eas o f a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g ence as i t can be s e e n e . g . i n d e s i g n i n g e x p e r t and c o n s u l t i n g sys tems or i n t h e a r e a...