in this study, we demonstrate the appearance of anatomic defects of the uterine cavity on hsg after cesarian section. we define different shapes such as thin linear defect, focal saccular outpouching, unilateral or bilateral diverticula (dog-ear like) and fistula and different locations such as the uterine body, lower uterine segment, uterine isthmus and the upper endocervical canal. cesarean s...

BACKGROUND In the majority of infertile females, cause lies within the fallopian tubes. The causes for tubal obstruction include tuabal endometriosis, chlamydial and tuberculous infections, salpingitis, due to previous tubal approach, previous tubal pregnancy, peritubal adhesions due to previous appendicectomy, ovarian, uterine or adnexal operations. Other less important but easily treatable si...

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are chromatin-associated RNA-binding proteins, participate in mRNA stability, transport, intracellular localization, and translation by acting as transacting factors. Several studies have shown that steroid hormones can regulate hnRNP expression. However, to date, the regulation of hnRNPs and their interactions with steroid hormone signal...

BACKGROUND The human female reproductive tract (FRT) is constantly deal with the invading pathogens. Recognition of these pathogens is attributed to the family of Toll like receptors (TLR) as a major part of the innate immune system. We and others have previously revealed that TLRs1-6 express in the female reproductive tract. However, more studies should be done to detect TLRs 7-10 in the femal...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to propose a new method for imaging the uterine cavity and Fallopian tube patency by three-dimensional dynamic magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography (3D dMR-HSG) and to analyse if, by using a higher viscosity contrast solution, direct visualization of the Fallopian tubes may be achieved by this new technique. METHODS 10 consecutive infertile women u...

A primate model of chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease was used to characterize serum antibody responses to the 60 kDa chlamydial heat shock protein (CHSP60). Forty monkeys were infected in the fallopian tubes with Chlamydia trachomatis and then were treated. Twenty-three (58%) monkeys developed antibodies against CHSP60, of whom 6 (15%) had CHSP60 responses that persisted throughout the stu...

background: genital tuberculosis is a chorionic disease and mostly occurs by haematogenous spread from extra genital source like lungs, peritoneum, lymph nodes and bones. transmission through a sexual intercourse is also possible. since the majority of patients are in reproductive ages, involvement of fallopian tubes and endometrium cause infertility in patients. cases: reviewing 4 cases of fem...

I ncreasing evidence suggests that the fallopian tubes — once seen as an extremely rare site for cancer — could be the source of the most aggressive ovarian cancer. Last April, investigators at the Dana – Farber Cancer Institute in Boston immortalized fallopian tube cells in the lab, inducing the process by which ovarian cancer progresses from these reproductive tubes to high-grade serous tumor...

Here, we present three draft genome sequences of Escherichia coli strains that experimentally were proven to possess low (strain D2-2), intermediate (Chronic_salp), or high virulence (Cp6salp3) in an avian (ascending) infection model of the oviduct.