BACKGROUND A common feature of diagnostic research is that results for a diagnostic gold standard are available primarily for patients who are positive for the test under investigation. Data from such studies are subject to what has been termed "verification bias". We evaluated statistical methods for verification bias correction when there are few false negatives. METHODS A simulation study ...

Abstract: In research on eye movements in reading, it is common to analyze a number of canonical dependent measures in order to study how the effects of a manipulation unfold over time. Although this gives rise to the well-known multiple comparisons problem, i.e. an inflated probability that the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected (Type I error), it is accepted standard practice not to appl...

Introduction: The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) instrument on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft [1] is currently acquiring infrared (IR) multispectral images of Mars. The instrument has a spatial resolution of 100 meters/pixel in the IR, and acquires data in 9 different wavelength bands, 8 of which are sensitive to radiance emitted by the surface. A complication in the analysis of such dat...

Our paper [1] contains a serious error. Proposition 4.6 of [1] is actually false and hence our strong normalization proof does not work for the Curry-style λμ-calculus. However, our method still can show that (1) the correction of Proposition 5.4 of [2], and (2) the correction of the proof of strong normalization of Church-style λμ-calculus by CPS-translation. Firstly, our method is still effec...

Aorto-cutaneous fistula and false aneurysm of the ascending aorta in patients who previously underwent Stanford Type A acute aortic dissection are rare and severe complications. Surgical correction remains a demanding challenge. In a case of false aneurysm rupture during redo sternotomy, selective cannulation of the right axillary and left carotid arteries allowed an efficient method of cerebra...

The production of informative random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers using PCR and a single primer is often accompanied by the generation of artifactual (noninformative) bands as well. When RAPD data are used to compute genetic similarity coefficients, these artifacts (false positives, false negatives, or both) can cause large biases in the numerical values of the coefficients. As a re...

BACKGROUND Meta-analyses are typically triggered by a (potentially false-significant) finding in one of the preceding primary studies. We studied consequences of meta-analysis investigating effects when primary studies that triggered such meta-analysis are also included. METHODS We analytically determined the bias of the treatment effect estimates obtained by meta-analysis, conditional on the...

Translation of idioms seems to be complicated for most translators since the meaning of idioms is difficult and sometimes impossible to be deduced from the meaning of their individual components. Considering the difficulties of translation of idioms and also the specific constraints of subtitling such as space and time limits, this research studied the strategies employed in translation of idio...

translation of idioms seems to be complicated for most translators since the meaning of idioms is difficult and sometimes impossible to be deduced from the meaning of their individual components. considering the difficulties of translation of idioms and also the specific constraints of subtitling such as space and time limits, this research studied the strategies employed in translation of idio...