Automatic milking systems (AMS) offer relief from the demanding routine of milking. Although many AMS are in use in Europe and a few are used in the United States, the potential benefit for American farms is uncertain. A farm-simulation model was used to determine the long-term, whole-farm effect of implementing AMS on farm sizes of 30 to 270 cows. Highest farm net return to management and unpa...

Combining an energy storage system (ESS) with a wind farm is an effective way to increase the penetration rate of wind power. ESS sizing is an important part in wind farm planning nowadays. In this paper, a basic method for determining the optimal capacity of an ESS integrated with a wind power generator to meet the requirements of grid integration is presented. With the proposed method, the ne...

There is a need for pesticide water monitoring in South Africa and for community awareness with regard to chemical contamination of rural water sources. The results of two descriptive studies in the rural Western Cape are reported. One assessed water usage and the knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to water of farm residents (229 participants from 60 farms) in the Slanghoek Valley, ...

An approach to calculate the wind farm penetration capacity based on chance constrained programming combining with transient check was presented. A novel model for programming penetration of wind farm under indeterminacy operating mode was presented. Constraint condition consisted of conventional generator output limits, system spinning reserve, transmission lines capability, nodal voltage, sys...

In this article, we provide a new methodology for optimizing a portfolio of wind farms within a market environment, for two Market Designs (exogenous prices and endogenous prices). Our model is built on an agent based representation of suppliers and generators interacting in a certain number of geographic demand markets, organized as two tiered systems. Assuming rational expectation of the agen...

In this paper, an analysis of the performance, failure and reliability, as well as a spare parts analysis have been conducted for a wind farm, which has 15 wind turbine generators (WTGs), each of 225 kW capacity. This wind farm is located at Muppandal, Tamil Nadu, South India. The average value of performance parameters such as technical availability, real availability and capacity factor for t...

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Recent research on the impact of institutions su¤ers from historical, theoretical, and methodological problems. The historical issue is whether the initially poorer countries became wealthier, as Acemoglou, Johnson, and Robinson (2002) would have us believe. The theoretical question is whether the institutions that should matter are those that protect property rights or those that coordindate i...

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