We examine multinationals’ optimal entry modes into foreign markets as a function of market size, FDI fixed costs, tariffs and transport costs. Our results highlight why large countries are more likely to attract acquisition investment, while intermediate sized countries may be served predominantly through trade, even in the presence of high tariffs. Small countries are most likely to experienc...

Recent literature on multinational firms has stressed the importance of low productivity as a barrier to the cross-border expansion of firms. However, firms typically also need external finance to finance the costs of market entry. In addition to productivity-related real barriers, financial constraints may thus restrict market entry. Building on a model of multinational firms facing real and f...

2.

This study examines the factors affecting the propensity of firms to engage in cross border activities in a world of increasing returns. A model connecting outward FDI from the US with a set of firm-specific advantages is estimated on samples of industries dominated by increasing and diminishing return processes. Wymbs and Luisa Corrado on earlier drafts are gratefully acknowledged.

This paper aims at empirically exploring the relationships between existing object-oriented coupling, cohesion, and inheritance measures and the probability of fault detection in system classes during testing. The underlying goal of such a study is to better understand the relationship between existing design measurement in OO systems and the quality of the software developed. Results show that...

This paper describes the use of conditioned slicing to assist partition testing, illustrating this with a case study. The paper shows how a conditioned slicing tool can be used to provide confidence in the uniformity hypothesis for correct programs, to aid fault detection in incorrect programs and to highlight special cases.