The mechanisms of earthquake rupture in lower continental crust, below the usual frictional-viscous transition, remain uncertain. In addressing this problem, study pseudotachylyte (quenched frictional melt produced during seismic fault slip) and related structures from deeply exhumed rocks can provide direct observational constraints. A felsic granulite Musgrave Ranges (central Australia) excep...

The trajectory of a hydraulically driven crack near natural fractures, faults, and inhomogeneities has been studied using the complex variable hypersingular boundary element technique. The crack trajectories are presented for the cases of an oblique and a steeply inclined fault. It has been demonstrated that natural fractures, faults, and other inhomogeneities generate unstable fracture conÞgur...

We quantitatively investigate the spatial stress variations within fault zone rock mass by explicitly incorporating macroscopic fractures into a 2D multilayer model. Based on elastic crack theory, we first derive unified constitutive law for frictional fractures, featuring and plastic shear deformation shear-induced dilatancy. To honor varying degrees of damage across zones, model is composed d...

Background:  Little is known about trends and predictors of hardware related infection following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of extremity fractures, one of the major causes of failure following ORIF. The present study was designed and conducted to determine trends and predictors of infection-related hardware removal following ORIF of extremities using a nationally representative...

History matching of a stochastic model of field-scale fractures: methodology and case study — This paper focuses on the history matching of stochastic models of large-scale fractures under seismic resolution, namely sub-seismic faults and fracture swarms. First, we propose an object-based stochastic model for describing geological features of large-scale fractures. This model accounts for stati...

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an effective and practical geophysical imaging tool, with a wide set of applications in geological mapping of subsurface information. This research study aims at determination of the geophysical parameter differences in the subsurface geological structures and construction of a 3D fracture model. GPR and resistivity methods were applied to detect the unstable t...

Two-dimensional, numerical models of a linear fault embedded within a linear elastic medium show the generation of off-fault tensile failure that results from inelastic slip along the fault. We explore quasistatic models with slip-weakening friction to assess the effects of spatially and temporally variable friction on the damage patterns. Tensile fractures form where tangential normal stresses...

Injected sandstones occurring in the Kimmeridgian of NE Scotland along the bounding Great Glen and Helmsdale faults formed when basinal fluids moved upward along the fault zones, fluidizing Oxfordian sands encountered at shallow depth and injecting them into overlying Kimmeridgian strata. The orientation of dykes, in addition to coeval faults and fractures, was controlled by a stress state rela...

As a new modeling procedure of geothermal energy extraction systems, the authors present two dimensional and three dimensional modeling techniques of subsurface fracture network, based on fractal geometry. Fluid flow in fractured rock occurs primarily through a connected network of discrete fractures. The fracture network approach, therefore, seeks to model fluid flow and heat transfer through ...

Introduction: Extensional fault scarps on Mars bear a striking resemblance to fault scarps on Earth, including geometric features such as horsts, grabens, relay ramps and breached relay ramps, en echelon arrangement of faults and grabens, and scaling characteristics [1], [2], [3]. Other surface features associated with extensional faulting on Mars are lines (" chains ") of circular topo-graphic...