The current study was undertaken to characterize Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae in raw and pasteurized producer-distributor bulk milk (PDBM). A total of 258 samples were collected from purchase points in 8 provinces in South Africa. The samples were tested for

Cotton is the most important commercial crop grown in India. It also known as ‘White Gold’. India highest producer of cotton world followed by USA and China. Karnataka has fourth position area production country. To analyse arrival trend, monthly data on arrivals was collected from Vijayapura, Haveri, Raichur Ranibennur APMCs for period 16 years (2003-2018). analyze trend cotton, linear nonline...

In Australia, the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, has a long history of resistance to conventional insecticides. Transgenic cotton (expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac) has been grown for H. armigera control since 1996. It is demonstrated here that a population of Australian H. armigera has developed resistance to Cry1Ac toxin (275-fold). Some 70% of resistant H. armigera ...

China is the largest peanut producer in the world and peanut therefore an essential economic product earning significant income for China’s farmers. Major provinces for peanut production are located in the middle and eastern provinces. In these regions, drought stress between germination and pod setting, could be severe and yield decline because of uneven rainfall and climate variability. Four ...

The ladybird beetle, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), is a common and abundant predator in many cropping systems. Its larvae and adults are predaceous, feeding on aphids, thrips, lepidopteran larvae and plant tissues, such as pollen. Therefore, this species is exposed to insecticidal proteins expressed in insect-resistant, genetically engineered cotton expressing Cry proteins derived from Bacill...

The boll weevil causes serious damage to the cotton crop in South America. Several studies have been published on this pest, but its phenology and behavior under the tropical conditions prevailing in Brazil are not well-known. In this study the feeding behavior and main food sources of adult boll weevils throughout the year in Central Brazil was investigated. The digestive tract contents of ins...

In the past, scientific research has predicted a decrease in the effectiveness of Bt cotton due to the rise of secondary and other sucking pests. It is suspected that once the primary pest is brought under control, secondary pests have a chance to emerge due to the lower pesticide applications in Bt cotton cultivars. Studies on this phenomenon are scarce. This article furnishes empirical eviden...

Bitkisel üretimde ürün kayıplarına neden olan bitki koruma sorunları doğası gereği dinamiktir. Uygun mücadele programı agro ekosistemde sorunların iyi analiz edilmesine bağlıdır. Üreticilerin konu hakkında yeterli bilgi düzeyine sahip olması uygulamanın başarısını arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Manisa ovası (Şehzadeler ve Saruhanlı) pamuk üreticilerinin uygulamalarında karşılaştıkları beli...

Parasitoids utilize various sugar resources in nature, and rely on odor cues from plants to locate their food and hosts. However, lack of sugar in the diet may negatively impact odor reception in parasitoids, thus affecting foraging efficiency. We used Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval endoparasitoid of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as a mo...

The plight of the smallholder cotton farmer in Rwenzori region western Uganda starts with unfair terms hiring land for cultivation. next hurdle is loss ownership at earliest stage value chain after delivering produce to ginner. Even Fairtrade standards base minimum price on delivery seed ginnery, implying that not expected participate and share accruing additions further up chain. However, memb...