Feedback with carry shift registers (FCSRs) are arithmetic analogs of linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs). In this paper we survey some of the basic properties of FCSRs. For comparison, we first review some basic facts about LFSRs. We then define FCSRs and discuss their relation to the N -adic numbers. This leads to the analysis of periodicity of FCSR sequences, their exponential representa...

A d-feedback-with-carry shift register (d-FCSR) is a finite state machine, similar to a linear feedback shift register, in which a small amount of memory and a delay (by d-clock cycles) is used in the feedback algorithm (see [4, 5]). The output sequences of these simple devices may be described using arithmetic in a ramified extension field of the rational numbers. In this paper we show how man...

We study the asymptotic behavior of stream cipher security measures associated with classes of sequence generators such as linear feedback shift registers and feedback with carry shift registers. For nonperiodic sequences we consider normalized measures and study the set of accumulation points for a fixed sequence. We see that the the set of accumulation points is always a closed subinterval of...

A d-feedback-with-carry shift register (d-FCSR) is a finite state machine, similar to a linear feedback shift register, in which a small amount of memory and a delay (by d-clock cycles) is used in the feedback algorithm (see [4, 5]). The output sequences of these simple devices may be described using arithmetic in a ramified extension field of the rational numbers. In this paper we show how man...

We introduce a new kind of word-oriented linear feedback shift register called σ−LFSR which is constructed with the instructions of the modern processor and have fast software implementation. We offer an algorithm to search for good primitive σ−LFSR. In particular, we give two examples HHZ-1 and HHZ-2 and compare their efficiency and security with those of the LFSRs appearing in stream ciphers ...

Served as one of the most widely used wireless airlink interface, CDMA has been identified as a major technique for 3G wireless communications. The current IS-95 CDMA provides a near-satisfactory security solution to voice centric wireless communications, since generally each voice conversation only lasts a very short period of time. However, the security features provided by IS-95 CDMA are far...

Bit swapping linear feedback shift register (BS-LFSR) is employed in a conventional linear feedback shirt register (LFSR) to reduce its power dissipation and enhance its performance. In this paper, an enhanced BS-LFSR for low power application is proposed. To achieve low power dissipation, the proposed BS-LFSR introduced the stacking technique to reduce leakage current. In addition, three diffe...

The proposed Built-In Self-Diagnosis method (BISD) is based on the standard BIST architecture and can be integrated with recent, commercial DFT techniques, LP-TPG for in-field testing and in-field diagnostic data collection. To find maximum faults, structural diagnosis is used which does reveal the diagnostic information. A new low power test pattern generator using a linear feedback shift regi...

An advanced approach to design a fault coverage test pattern generator by utilizing linear feedback shift register called Bit Swap-LFSR. This could perform fault analysis and also minimize the power utilization at circuit level during tests, by generating three intermediate patterns between random patterns by decreasing the hardware components usage. The main purpose of having intermediate patt...

Multi-recipient encryption schemes have many advantages such as high efficiency, low network cost, and flexible object control. An asymmetric multi-recipient encryption scheme with indistinguishability under chosen-ciphertext attack is proposed. The encryption scheme uses an eighth order linear feedback shift register. The main features of this scheme are small size of ciphertext and the overal...