Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for the development of lung cancen It has been sllggested that genetic susceptibility may contribute to the risK because only a small portion of smokers develops the disease. Seyeral polymorphisms that involve the metabolic activation or detoxification of carcinogens deriyed from cigarette smoke have been found to be associated with l...

Frequency-chirped free-electron lasers (FELs) are useful to generate a large photon bandwidth or a shorter xray pulse duration. In this paper, we present a threedimensional analysis of a high-gain FEL driven by the energy-chirped electron beam. We show that the FEL eigenmode equation is the same for a frequency-chirped FEL as for an undulator-tapered FEL. We study the transverse effects of such...

China has endeavored in the field of FEL research since the mid-eighties. Compton regime, Raman regime, Electromagnetic Pumping, Cherenkov FEL, and Harmonic Generator FEL, etc. based on the RF linac accelerator, induction linac accelerator, pulsed-line accelerator, and storage ring have all been developed. These experimental projects are in various stages of development and are discussed in seq...

BACKGROUND The major cat allergen Fel d I consists of two polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds, each of which has been expressed in bacteria. To investigate the antigenic structure of Fel d I, antibody binding to the native molecule and to each recombinant chain were compared. METHODS Polyclonal human IgE and IgG antibodies and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to Fel d I were compared for...

Free-Electron Laser (FEL) is an all-electric, high-power, high beam-quality source of coherent radiation, tunable – unlike other laser sources – at any wavelength within wide spectral region from hard X-rays to far-IR and beyond. After the initial push in the framework of the "Star Wars" program, the FEL technology benefited from decades of R&D and scientific applications. Presently, there are ...

The PEGASUS photo injector at UCLA can produce a photo-electron beam with a normalized emittance of 2 mm·mrad at an energy of 12-15 MeV, capable of driving a Free-Electron Laser in the mid IR regime. The FEL program, associated with the PEGASUS injector and presented here, is based on a Self-Amplifying Spontaneous Emission (SASE) FEL. The studies focus on increasing the efficiency of an FEL by ...

At the Duke Free Electron Laser (FEL) Laboratory, there are two FEL machines: the Mark III infrared FEL and the OK-4/Storage Ring, which produces UV and XUV laser beam as well as gamma rays via Compton backscattering. The recent status of Mark-III machine is described in another paper [1]. Here we will concentrate on the new development of the OK-4/Storage Ring FEL and its performance and capab...

We propose a novel technique to grow the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with specific chirality at the desired position using free electron laser (FEL) irradiation during growth and surface treatment. As a result, only the semiconducting SWNTs grew at the area between triangle electrodes, where the ozone treatment was done to be hydrophilic when an alcohol chemical vapor deposition (ACC...

Tunability is one of the key aspects of any laser system. In High-Gain Harmonic Generation Free Electron Laser (HGHG FEL) the seed laser determines the output wavelength. Conventional scheme of tunable HGHG FEL requires tunable seed laser. The alternative scheme [1] is based on compression of the electron bunch with energytime correlation (chirped bunch) in the FEL dispersive section. The chirp...