background: repeated implantation failure (rif) is defined as pregnancy failure after two to six times with at least ten high grade embryo transfer to uterus. a variety of causes have been anticipated for rif, including anatomical, autoimmune, genetics, endocrine and thrombotic anomalies. factors responsible for rif have important implication regarding treatment however in many couples a perfec...

background: various approaches have been used in the attempts to improve the quality of frozen–thawed mouse sperms. according to literatures, it seems that hyaluronic acid (ha) has an important role on the permeability and motility of sperms and their interaction with gametes. objective: for evaluation of ha supplementation on sperm characteristics and fertilization capability, we investigated ...

background: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) plays essential roles in embryo implantation, invasion of trophoblastic tissue, and steroid synthesis in the placenta. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gnrh antagonist administration on pregnancy outcomes in early implantation period. materials and methods: in this retrospective study, 94 infertile women undergoing ...

Based on ethnographic research in Athens, this paper argues that in vitro fertilization (IVF) in urban Greece does not so much make explicit the social construction of nature, as has been argued of the US and UK, but is accommodated into a prior understanding of "nature" as socially realized. Calling upon an ethic of maternal sacrifice, Athenian women see themselves taking charge of a natural p...

This paper examines the metaphysical question of 'ensoulment' in relation to the theory, put forward in an earlier paper, that human life begins when the newly formed body organs and systems of the embryo begin to function as an organised whole, at which stage there is evidence of a change of nature. Although Roman Catholic theology teaches that a human being is a union of physical body and spi...

Conceiving a child by way of embryo selection and tissue matching to benefit a sick sibling is generally justified on the grounds that as well as the potential to save the sick child, there is a benefit for the new baby. The new baby is selected so he or she will not have the disease suffered by the first child. It is not possible, however, to select against conditions for which there is no tes...

advantages of mild-stimulation have long been appreciated, while there was a called for more patient-friendly approach in ovarian stimulation around 20 years ago (1)...