Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) systems integrate many previously separate clinical activities related to fetal monitoring. Promoting the use of ubiquitous fetal monitoring services with real time status assessments requires a robust information platform equipped with an automatic diagnosis engine. This paper presents the design and development of a mobile multi-agent platform-based open info...

on scalp blood, such as measurement of lactate concentration, do not appear to improve diagnostic accuracy. Results of direct intrapartum monitoring of the neurological state of the fetus by electroencephalogram recordings'8 19 are difficult to interpret and once again probably identify only severe fetal distress. Against a background of slow technical progress there has been an increasing dema...

Intrapartum hypoxia was thought to contribute to the incidence of cerebral palsy, seizures and mental retardation. Electronic fetal monitoring was expected to prevent or reduce this incidence. Electronic fetal monitoring has a high false positive rate and fetal blood sampling, which is an invasive procedure, only allows an intermittent assessment. Efforts are being made to improve fetal heart r...

Fetal well-being was estimated by the enlargement of maternal abdomen, palpation of fetus on the abdomen, maternal perception of fetal kicking, and listening to fetal heart sound with obstetric stethoscope, in old age. Antique diagnosis of fetal life was fetal QRS found on limb lead electrocardiogram (ECG) studied by Cremer, which was progressed to fetal ECG amplifier composed of vacuum tube re...

This chapter examines which method is most appropriate for controlling fetal well-being in childbirth in healthy women, when and how to use fetal monitoring and how to interpret it. The following methods of fetal control will be assessed: intermittent auscultation (IA), intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CEFM), analysis of the ST segment of the fetal ECG (STAN), fetal pulse oximetry, fet...

Introduction This study presents the first direct investigation of fetal brain activity in utero using fMRI. Human fetal brain activity is usually studied indirectly by monitoring the changes in fetal heart rate and associated fetal movements, although recently fetal MEG has been attempted’. fMRI offers a safe and relatively robust method of monitoring fetal brain activity. This has major impli...