We present a hybrid continuous-wave, frequency-domain instrument for near-infrared spectral imaging of the female breast based on a tandem, planar scanning of one illumination optical fiber and one collection optical fiber configured in a transmission geometry. The spatial sampling rate of 25 points/cm(2) is increased to 400 points/cm(2) by postprocessing the data with a 2D cubic spline interpo...

This pilot investigation was undertaken to assess the performance of a novel fiber-optic cerebral pulse oximetry system. A fiber-optic probe designed to pass through the lumen of a cranial bolt of the type used to make intracranial pressure measurements was used to obtain optical reflectance signals directly from the brain tissue. Preliminary results from seven patients measured in the operatin...

The effects of the pumping wavelength and their power on the gain flattening of a fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) are investigated. The multi-wavelength pumping scheme is utilized to achieve gain flatness in FRA. It is proposed that gain flatness becomes better with increase in number of pumping wavelengths applied. We have achieved flat gain with 0.27 dB fluctuation in a spectral range of 1475-160...

We report experimental and numerical results on the dynamics of gain-guided solitons in a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser made of purely normal dispersion fibers. We show that formation of the soliton in the laser is a result of mutual interaction and balance among the cavity transmission, fiber Kerr nonlinearity, gain saturation, and filtering over one cavity round trip.

Abstract The complex microwave permittivity—including anisotropy- of wood chips softwood has been measured for different moisture contents in the band 0.75 to 2.5 GHz using an ultra-wide radio transmission technique. real and imaginary parts increase monotonically with content. are oriented by gravity, which gives anisotropic permittivity. anisotropy ratio part increases from 1.1 1.6 content 0 ...

Abstract The effect on softwood fiber wall nanostructure of kraft cooking, oxygen delignification and refining was evaluated by X-ray scattering. A recently developed simulation method for modelling small angle scattering (SAXS) data used to estimate the apparent average sizes solids (AAPS) interstitial spaces in (AACS). Fiber saturation point wide were also calculate pore volume crystallite si...

Introduction: Recent development of methods to measure p0, in the clinic has generated data confirming a prognostic relationship between tumor p0, and clinical outcome. These results provide a powerful stimulus for development of enhanced methods for monitoring tumor ~0,. We have been developing a methodFRBDOM (Fluorine Relaxometry using Echo planar imaging for Dynamic Oxygen Mapping), which ty...

We study the dynamics of a local load-sharing fiber bundle model in two dimensions under an external load (which increases with time at a fixed slow rate) applied at a single point. Due to the local load-sharing nature, the redistributed load remains localized along the boundary of the broken patch. The system then goes to a self-organized state with a stationary average value of load per fiber...