In this paper we present the linear combination of a fuzzy opening and closing filter with locally adaptive structuring elements that can preserve the geometrical features of an image. Based on the adaptation algorithm of linear combination of the fuzzy opening and closing filter, the optimal structuring element for image representation is obtained. The optimal structuring element is an indicat...

Filters of a lattice, maximal filters (ultrafilters), operation to create a filter generating by an element or by a nonempty set of elements of the lattice are discussed. Besides, there are introduced implicative lattices such that for every two elements there is an element being pseudo-complement of them. Some facts concerning these concepts are presented too, i.e. for any proper filter there ...

Introduction: The CT machine utilizes a bowtie filter to shape the X-ray beam and remove lower energy photons. Configuration of this bowtie filter is complex and its geometry is often not available in detail. It causes the CT dose index (CTDI) be with the different values in measurement versus Monte Carlo simulation studies and other analytical calculations. It is important esp...

This paper presents an estimation technique using the Kalman filter finite element method ( KF-FEM ). Estimation value that is not observed is estimated by KF-FEM, which is the combination method of the Kalman filter and the finite element method. The Kalman filter is employed for the solution of time series analysis and the finite element method is for space analysis. In this paper the shallow...

This paper presents a micromachined bandpass filter with miniature size that has relatively outstanding performance. A silicon-based eight-order microstrip bandpass filter is fabricated and measured. A novel design method of the interdigital filter that can create two transmission zeros is described. The location of the transmission zeros can be shifted arbitrarily in the stopband. By adjusting...

A miniaturized square resonator bandpass filter with circular stubs was designed, fabricated, and characterized. Analytical calculations were carried out to determine the critical filter parameters and the design was optimized using a 3D electromagnetic finite-element solver. The measured results were in good agreement with the designed results. The proposed filter exhibits significant improvem...

This paper presents the design of a bandpass filter using directional coupler. The concept of transerval filters is applied to design of microwave filters. The directional coupler is used as a transversal filtering element. This is achieved by loading the coupled ports of the filter with open-circuited stubs. The dependence of filter characteristics on the stub lengths and impedances is demonst...

In this paper, a novel type of dual-band bandpass filter (DBBPF) is proposed by using microstrip composite resonators, and its design method is developed based on the lumped-element equivalent circuit of the filter. Both the midband frequencies and the passband widths of the dual bands of the filter can be controlled separately. Four DBBPFs with different specifications are designed, fabricated...

A macro-filter-lens design that can correct for chromatic and geometric aberrations simultaneously while providing for a long focal length is presented. The filter is easy to fabricate since it involves two spherical surfaces and a planar surface. Chromatic aberration correction is achieved by making all the rays travel the same optical distance inside the filter element (negative meniscus). Ge...

Bloom filters are a well known data-structure that supports approximate set membership queries that report no false negatives. Each element in the universe represented by the bloom filter is associated with k random bits in the structure. Traditional bloom filters, therefore, require k non-local memory operations to insert an element or perform a lookups. For very large bloom filters, these k l...