Despite controversy over the meaning of financialization, there are two major dimensions to understanding whether city is financialized. This paper explores these in China, namely Chinese (increasingly) uses financial instruments carry out its urban development tasks and utilization imposes a logic on governance. Financing involves creating land collateral vehicles, extending shadow banking, fo...

credit enhancements are methods that are used in structured finance for promoting the credit quality of financial instruments. one of the most important mechanisms for improving the credit quality is tranching financial instruments. this mechanism is mentioned as a structural and internal credit enhancement. tranching decreases financing costs and improves the quality of financial instruments. ...

We examine the impact of overdue debts in small villages one Hungary’s most disadvantaged regions. find that a significant number debtors with permanently escape from debt collectors. Accordingly, our sample, reduce likelihood declared work by 14 percentage points on average. The lack alone reduces probability opening bank account 21 points, and further it 9 points. negative effect health is al...

This study applied the theory of planned behavior to examine factors associated with the intention and behavior of staying in debt management plans (DMP) using data collected from a sample of clients of a national credit counseling agency. The findings of this study suggest that the behavioral intention is positively associated with the attitude toward the behavior, perceived control, satisfact...

In this paper, we investigate whether and how personal bankruptcy law a ects small rms' access to credit. When a rm is unincorporated, its debts are personal liabilities of the rm's owner, so that lending to the rm is equivalent to lending to its owner. If the rm fails, the owner has an incentive to le for personal bankruptcy in order to obtain discharge of the rm's debts. While bankruptcy law ...

    Background: Sukuk is a type of financial instrument backed by balance sheet and physical assets. This applied and descriptive study aimed at providing solutions to the problems faced by insurance companies in the health sector.    Methods: In this study, we achieved operational models by reviewing the release nature and mechanism of any of the securities and combin...

This paper examines the predictive power of credit spreads from the corporate bond market. The high-yield bond spread and investment-grade spread can explain 68 per cent and 42 per cent of output variations one year ahead, while the term spread based on government debts can explain only 12 per cent of them. For output forecasts up to one year ahead, the corporate bond spreads also outperform po...

We use quasi-random access to the Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP) to identify the causal effect of refinancing a mortgage on borrower balance sheet outcomes. We find that on average, refinancing into a lower-rate mortgage enabled borrowers to cut their default rates on mortgages by around 40% and their rates of serious delinquency on non-mortgage debts by about 25%. Refinancing also ca...

Few studies that have focused on developing credit risk models specifically for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have included non-financial information as a predictor of company creditworthiness. In this study we have available non-financial, regulatory compliance and “event” data to supplement the limited accounting data that is often available for non-listed firms. We employ a sampl...

Within the commercial client segment, small business lending is gradually becoming a major target for many banks. The new Basel Capital Accord has helped the financial sector to recognize small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) as a client, distinct from the large corporate. Some argue that this client base should be treated like retail clients from a risk management point of view in order to...