The role of road-tunnel ventilation has changed during the last decades. While in former years tunnel ventilation was responsible for providing an acceptable environment for tunnel users passing through the tunnel during normal operation conditions [30], nowadays the support of rescue conditions during a fire is dominating. The introduction of the fire case into the ventilation design resulted ...

Subway is consisted of tunnels, platforms and ventilation shafts. The air flow between these structures forms a ventilation network. There is a need for fire modeling tools capable of both rapid and precise simulation for fire and smoke propagation in such ventilation network. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in subway fire performance design. However, the boundary conditions u...

In ventilated tunnel fires, smoke and hot combustion products may form a layer near the ceiling and flow in the direction opposite to the ventilation stream. The existence of this reverse stratified flow has an important bearing on fire fighting and evacuation of underground mine roadways, tunnels and building corridors. In the present study, conducted by the National Institute for Occupational...

Nuclear power plants contain a significant amount of fire load in form of electrical cables. The performance of the cables is interesting both from the fire development and system failure viewpoints. In this work, cable tunnel fires are studied using numerical simulations, focusing on the fire spreading along power cables and the efficiency of the water suppression in preventing the cable failu...

Water-mist fire suppression systems offer a number of potential advantages over conventional sprinkler systems. A water-mist system uses very fine droplets of around 50μm diameter, which results in entirely different behaviour. In particular the water-mist remains suspended in air for long periods, and is influenced by the airflows caused by the fire and the general ventilation regime. In order...

Experience from occurrences of fires in road tunnels shows that victims are usually found within a few hundred metres of the scene of the incident. The fatal consequences of a fire in a tunnel measuring only a few hundred metres can be comparable to those resulting from a fire in a long tunnel. In tunnels with considerable slope the hazard for tunnel users increases due to rapid smoke dispersio...