Progressive biomineralization of a skeleton occurs during ontogeny in most animals. In fishes, larvae are poorly mineralized, whereas juveniles and adults display a progressively more biomineralized skeleton. Fossil remains primarily consist of adult specimens because the fossilization of poorly-mineralized larvae and juveniles necessitates exceptional conditions. The Miguasha Fossil-Lagerstätt...

Even though humans look different from other animals like fish, birds, or snakes, we all have a skeleton that gives our bodies shape, protects internal organs harm, and helps us move. Animals with backbone are called vertebrates. Because skeletons built bones, scientists can learn lot about human bones by studying them in vertebrates, including fish. Zebrafish one vertebrate used to study how m...

Study of the osteological development in fishes is important from fisheries, biology and aquaculture points of views. It can be used as an early bio-indicator of non-optimal rearing conditions. The Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus is a native cyprinid fish of the Caspian Sea that its artificial propagation has fulfilled in hatcheries to recruit its natural stocks. Hence, this study was conducted...

Coral reefs are amongst the most diverse ecosystems on Earth where complex inter-specific interactions are ubiquitous. An example of such interactions is the mutualistic relationship between damselfishes and branching corals in the Northern Red Sea, where the fish use corals as shelter and provide them with nutrients, enhance the flow between their branches, and protect them from predators. By ...

a detailed description of the osteological structure of kiabi loach ( oxynoemacheilus kiabii ), a recently described endemic species caught from gamasiab river, iran, is provided. seven specimens were collected by electrofishing in june 2013 and cleared and stained and its osteological structures were described. the results showed that o. kiabii can be distinguished from other members of the ge...

The pharyngeal skeleton is a key vertebrate anatomical system in debates on the origin of jaws and gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) feeding. Furthermore, it offers considerable potential as a source of phylogenetic data. Well-preserved examples of pharyngeal skeletons from stem-group gnathostomes remain poorly known. Here, we describe an articulated, nearly complete pharyngeal skeleton in an Earl...

This paper presents an arc-length preserving axial deformation along a B-spline curve based on arc-length parameterization of the axial curve. Space spanned by arc length and rotation minimizing frame on the axis is taken as the embedded space. As in real life, the length of an object’s skeleton usually remains constant when it is axially deformed such as a swimming fish, a swaying tree etc, An...