This paper explores why occupational therapists use arts and crafts as therapeutic modalities. Beginning with the turn-of-the-century origins of occupational therapy, the paper traces the similarities and differences in the ideas and beliefs of the founders of occupational therapy and the proponents of the arts-and-crafts movement.

The FeCl3·6H2O-catalyzed three-component aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of aromatic/heteroaromatic compounds, aromatic aldehydes and tert-butyl carbamate was reported. The subsequent Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation of the resulting tert-butyl diarylmethyl carbamate with heteroaromatic compounds under "open-flask" at room temperature was also performed. The two-step reaction was especially useful fo...

An enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation with alpha,beta-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles and electron-rich aromatic nucleophiles catalyzed by bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine-scandium(III) triflate complexes has been accomplished. These alpha,beta-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles are effective electrophiles for the Friedel-Crafts reaction. The resulting adduct 2-acyl imidazole is easily converted to ami...

Based on the perspective of academic application and cultural dissemination, this study intends to explore the aesthetic value of Taiwan modern crafts. Through an approach of style analysis, this study examines the works selected from Taiwan Crafts Competition Award and Modern Crafts Yii Project. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed to explore the artistic essence and cultural...

The paper will analyze some linguistic, primarily onomastic evidence of still existent or extinct crafts and occupations within the framework of the former social structure. Many one time crafts became extinct in the course of time, but traces of their former diffusion and importance can be reconstructed from their onomastic, primarily, anthroponomastic reflections. Similar surnames motivated b...

Aryl-keto-containing α-amino acids are of great importance in organic chemistry and biochemistry. They are valuable intermediates for the construction of hydroxyl α-amino acids, nonproteinogenic α-amino acids, as well as other biofunctional components. Friedel-Crafts acylation is an effective method to prepare aryl-keto derivatives. In this review, we summarize the preparation of aryl-keto cont...

the present study considered the situation of kilka stocks in last decades by using overfished biomass threshold, fishing effort ratio and fishing mortality proxy during 1991-2010. the cpue index of anchovy and mixed-species of kilka indicated an undepleted from 1991 to 2000. in 2000, the cpue ratio declined to close to the “in danger” region, and subsequently collapsed to “overfished” region f...

controlled ? Pilotage is obviously impractical and should be unnecessary. The masters concerned know the area all too well, but they do not know so much about routing or radio control. Nor are they always particularly amenable to instruction or advice when they get it, for the control system would have to be extended to such crafts as fishing boats, whose present habits in congested waters leav...

Chinese people used bamboo to make bamboo weaving utensils for hunting, farming, fishing, and even transportation before. However, bamboo weaving utensils are no longer needed in daily life nowadays. The craft of bamboo weaving utensils is gradually losing people’s attention that few craftsmen can still work on it. In this study, a folklore hobbyist, a craftsman, a horticulturist, and an interi...

Many individuals with substance use disorders are resistant to entering formal treatment, despite the negative consequences that plague their own lives and the lives of concerned significant others (CSOs). Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) has been developed as an effective strategy for helping family members who are concerned about the alcohol/drug use of a loved one who refu...