When focused ultrasound waves of moderate intensity in liquid encounter an air interface, a chain of drops emerges from the liquid surface to form what is known as a drop-chain fountain. Atomization, or the emission of micro-droplets, occurs when the acoustic intensity exceeds a liquid-dependent threshold. While the cavitation-wave hypothesis, which states that atomization arises from a combina...

IN CONVENTIONAL atomic absorption spectrophotometry a solution of the sample is introduced into the flame as an aerosol by means of a nebulizer. However, commercial nebulizers are only about 5 efficient in forming fine droplets suitable for atomization by the flame ( I ) . Furthermore, a solution aspirated at a usual rate of 3-5 ml/min for about 10 sec produces a concentration signal extending ...

The current understanding of droplet generation processes from liquid films is reviewed. Films are defined as liquids with one free and one wall-bound surface. In many of the systems where films occur atomization is an undesirable side-effect of the two-phase flow. The motivation for this study, however, is a process where atomization from the film is the goal—a gas-centered swirl coaxial rocke...

The objective of this work was the development and validation of atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) methods for the determination of residual active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in rinse samples for cleaning validation. AAS as an indirect method for the determination of API in rinse samples can be applied when it is in the form of salt with metal ions or when the metal ion is a part of t...

The atomization effect is an important factor of the heat transfer of liquid nitrogen spray. In this paper, two kinds of internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizers were design. According to the fracture theory and fluid mechanics, the model is established to simulate atomization effect. The results showed that: Internal-mixing atomizers, with the liquid nitrogen atomization size from 20um to 40um, ha...

In this work, to promote deflagration detonation transition (DDT), a designed hot jet in pre-detonator is produced initiate detonations the main tube. We perform two-dimensional simulations of DDT process for low-volatile fuel (n-decane) mixed with nitrogen and oxygen based on Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The effects atomization, vaporization, shock focusing flame acceleration are discussed un...

A simple and inexpensive hydride generation system that uses a pyrex boiling tube as a reduction vessel to hold the acidified sample into which 2cm of 100-300mg sodium tetrahydroborate (III) solution is injected such that the excess molecular hydrogen evolved carries the generated arsine directly through the atomic absorption spectrophotometer nebuliser to a nitrogen-hydrogen entrained air flam...

This work uses an annular co-flow spray burner as a laboratory test method for evaluating one of the important jet fuel figures merit, namely lean blowout (LBO), and investigates coupling physical chemical properties affecting this phenomenon. Previous has shown that relative trends in LBO from different fuels real gas turbine are well reflected setup. Representative characteristics heat combus...