the rycroft-malone paper states that co-production relies on ‘authentic’ collaboration as a context for action. our commentary supports and extends this assertion. we suggest that ‘authentic’ co-production involves processes where participants can ‘see’ the difference that they have made within the project and beyond. we provide examples including: the use of design in health projects which see...

In this paper, we explore how individuals negotiate boundaries in environments with varying degrees of hybridity and we explore the role of the hybrid in this. Boundaries constitute a topical issue as workers move to more flexible, project-based work arrangements (Yeow, 2014). Organizations, for example, are increasingly seen as ‘boundaryless’, as traditional boundaries have been overcome by ne...

In this paper, we argue in favor of reconsidering models for word meaning, using as a basis results from cognitive science on human concept representation. More specifically, we argue for a more flexible representation of word meaning than the assignment of a single best-fitting dictionary sense to each occurrence: Either use dictionary senses, but view them as having fuzzy boundaries, and assu...

The Flory-Huggins theory of flexible polymers mixtures @P. J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry ~Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1953!# and the Lebwohl-Lasher model of nematogens @G. Lasher, Phys. Rev. A 5, 1350 ~1972!; P. A. Lebwohl and G. Lasher, ibid. 6, 426 ~1972!# are combined to understand the phase behaviors of mixtures of flexible polymers ~coils! and small molecular liquid cryst...

Segmentation of medical images is challenging due to the poor image contrast and artifacts that result in missing tissue boundaries, i.e. pixels inside the region have similar intensity. In this paper, we introduce a new automatic method for region growing capable to segment 2D/3D Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) which contain weak boundaries between different tissue...

In Drosophila embryos, a nuclear gradient of the Dorsal (Dl) transcription factor directs differential gene expression along the dorsoventral (DV) axis, translating it into distinct domains that specify future mesodermal, neural, and ectodermal territories. However, the mechanisms used to differentially position gene expression boundaries along this axis are not fully understood. Here, using a ...

Amplification of genes in breast cancer cells was shown to be coordinated in the majority of cases assuming the presence of common undisclosed mechanism underlying intrachromosomal gene amplification process. Overexpression and amplification of the HER-2/neu gene is observed in 20–30% of breast cancer cases and predicts more frequent relapse and shorter survival time. However, the initial event...

Submicron-structured films of thermoelectric materials, exhibiting an improved figure merit, are reviewed, including methods fabrication and characterization. The review emphasizes the beneficial role grain boundaries in polycrystalline films. enhanced Seebeck coefficient lead chalcogenide is attributed to a potential relief that built along boundaries. It scatters charge carriers with low ener...