Although operators periodically measure the sludge volume index (SVI) to stabilize bioreactor and solid–liquid separation during wastewater treatment process, there is a problem of inconsistency attributed subjective judgment operator. This study aims investigate possibility securing objective data by employing CdS (cadmium–sulfur) photoresistors for SVI measurements. The sedimentation velocity...

A review on the main aspects associated with yeast flocculation and its application in biotechnological processes is presented. This subject is addressed following three main aspects – the basics of yeast flocculation, the development of “new” flocculating yeast strains and bioreactor development. In what concerns the basics of yeast flocculation, the state of the art on the most relevant aspec...

We installed drinking water and handwashing stations in 17 rural schools and trained teachers to promote water treatment and hygiene to pupils. We gave schools flocculent-disinfectant powder and hypochlorite solution for water treatment. We conducted a baseline water handling survey of pupils' parents from 17 schools and tested stored water for chlorine. We trained teachers and students about h...

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were quantified in flocculent and aerobic granular sludge developed in two sequencing batch reactors with the same shear force but different settling times. Several EPS extraction methods were compared to investigate how different methods affect EPS chemical characterization, and fluorescent stains were used to visualize EPS in intact samples and 20-mum ...

To satisfy the requirement on solid-liquid separation in high-density waste drilling mud, prepare the nano-modified polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculant for high density waste drilling mud by in-situ dispersion method, direct dispersion method and simultaneous formation method. The result showed the flocculent effect of nano-modified polyacrylamide prepared by simultaneous formation method was the b...

Continuous ethanol fermentation from cheap sugar cane molasses was studied. Two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used, one of them flocculent, in order to evaluate the performance of fluidized tubular reactors, with and without support for yeast immobilisation (polyurethane foam and expanded clay argilate granules were tested). In this heterogeneous continuous system, with three phases,...

Several gram-negative, polarly flagellated rods were isolated on the basis of their flocculent growth habit. Some of the isolates possessed a capsular matrix which is composed of exocellular fibrils. Other isolates did not appear to have a capsular matrix when examined with a bright-field microscope with or without the aid of stains. However, these latter type isolates did possess exocellular m...