PURPOSE To evaluate whether the risk of prostate cancer was different according to the pattern of fluctuation in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients undergoing repeat transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). METHODS From March 2003 to December 2012, 492 patients underwent repeat TRUS-Bx. The patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the PSA fluctuation pat...

Techniques such as detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and its extensions have been widely used to determine the nature of scaling in nucleotide sequences. In this brief communication we show that tandem repeats which are ubiquitous in nucleotide sequences can prevent reliable estimation of possible long-range correlations. Therefore, it is important to investigate the presence of tandem repea...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the asymmetry of force fluctuation in the leg muscles during isometric knee extension and flexion. Twenty healthy males (21±2 years) performed the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) in knee extensor and flexor. On the basis of MVC measurement, the subjects performed sustained isometric knee extension and flexion for 15s at levels correspon...

Stochasticity is one of the most important properties in gene expression. Noise originates from two sources: thermal fluctuation inherent in the system (intrinsic noise) and variabilities in factors external to the system that usually result to the fluctuation in the kinetic parameters (extrinsic noise). This paper studies analytically the stationary fluctuation of the number of protein molecul...

This paper concerns with two reasons for stock price fluctuation, the instinctive stochastic fluctuation and the fluctuation caused by the spread of information. They are constructed by compound Poisson process and continuum percolation model separately. Combining the two models, the authors get a Lévy process for the price fluctuation that can explain the fat-tail phenomenon in stock market. T...

AIM To evaluate differences in diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation in glaucoma/ocular hypertension patients treated with once-daily fixed-combination latanoprost/timolol, once-daily latanoprost or twice-daily timolol. METHODS In two 6-month, double-masked, parallel-group studies, patients received run-in timolol (2-4 weeks) and randomised (1:1:1) to therapy. IOP was measured three ...

negative and therefore the fluctuation of the readings reduced to normal pressure is only statistical. There is no indication of a systematic variation due to causes other than variation of pressure. Since the statistical fluctuation is large it cannot be excluded that systematic variations with amplitudes much smaller than the barometric fluctuation occur but are masked by the statistical fluc...

Tide-induced hydraulic head fluctuation results in significant airflow above the water table if the aquifer is air-confined, for example, if the aquifer is capped by low permeability materials. Hypothetical studies on the interaction between tidal fluctuation and airflow in coastal aquifers are carried out using an air–water two-phase numerical model. The results show that both the amplitude of...

With the development of global market and information network, international futures markets have become integrated. Price fluctuation of one futures market may cause related price fluctuation in another exchange. Many researches have shown that there is high correlation between international and domestic futures price fluctuation. However, quantitative research and the information system for a...

nasonovia ribisnigri (mosely) is one of the most important pests of the lettuce plant and it was reported for the first time in ahvaz in 2008. in order to investigate the dominant species of its natural enemies and their population fluctuations, sample were taken arbitrarily from fifty plants twice a week during the growing season in 2010-2012. in this study, ten species of predators, three spe...