Microprobe X-ray fluorescence tomography was used to investigate metal poison deposition in individual, intact and industrially deactivated fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles at two differing catalytic life-stages. 3 D multi-element imaging, at submicron resolution was achieved by using a large-array Maia fluorescence detector. Our results show that Fe, Ni and Ca have significant concentr...

A compound catalyst (RA) consisted of Ni, ZnO and HZSM-5 with functions of reactive adsorption desulfurization (RADS) and olefin aromatization for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline upgrading was prepared. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction and low-temperature N2 adsorption were used to characterize the properties of the catalysts. Performance evaluation by FC...

This paper deals with the application of two computer based model predictive control algorithms to a complex process. This process is a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCC). The FCC model used for this study is inspired from Lee and Skogestad. The algorithms used are quadratic dynamic matrix control(QDMC) and observer base model predictive control(OBMPC). A disturbance rejection is tested by int...

Polypropylene (PP) makes up a large share of our plastic waste. We investigated the conversion PP over industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking catalyst (FCC-cat) used to produce gasoline from crude oil fractions. studied transport limitations arising larger size polymers compared oil-based feedstock by testing components this separately. Infrared spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy re...

Presently, many control systems are built in decentralized structure using a large number of simple single-input single-output (SISO) controllers enabling a stable operation of most unit operations. However, this approach is not the optimal control solution because, in these structures the subsystems of a plant do not communicate between them even if they significantly interact. Recently, the c...

Full-field transmission X-ray microscopy has been used to determine the 3D structure of a whole individual fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particle at high spatial resolution and in a fast, noninvasive manner, maintaining the full integrity of the particle. Using X-ray absorption mosaic imaging to combine multiple fields of view, computed tomography was performed to visualize the macropore struc...