Palm oil mill effluent (POME) poses a great threat to the environment. However, it contains valuable resources such as energy, water and nutrients that could be recovered for sustainable development. Currently, anaerobic digester has been employed to recover the energy potential in POME. However, the presence of suspended solids in the digestate hinders the downstream nutrients recovery process...

We examine the evolution of the IGM Lyα optical depth distribution using the transmitted flux probability distribution function (PDF) in a sample of 63 QSOs spanning absorption redshifts 1.7 < z < 5.8. The data are compared to two theoretical τ distributions: a model distribution based on the density distribution of Miralda-Escudé et al. (2000) (MHR00), and a lognormal distribution. We assume a...

Paleomagnetic data provide one of the few probes available to interrogate early evolution of the core. Here we apply this probe by examining the latitudinal dependence of paleosecular variation (PSV) data derived from high-quality paleomagnetic data collected from Proterozoic and Neoarchean rocks. These data define a Neoarchean geomagnetic field that was more dipolar than that during Proterozoi...

In this paper the optimal control of boundary heat flux in a 2-D solid body with an arbitrary shape is performed in order to achieve the desired temperature distribution at a given time interval. The boundary of the body is subdivided into a number of components. On each component a time-dependent heat flux is applied which is independent of the others. Since the thermophysical properties are t...

In this paper, a modified two-fluid model has been adopted to simulate the process of upward vertical subcooled flow boiling of refrigerant R-113 in a vertical annular channel at low pressure. The modified model considers temperature dependent properties and saturation temperature variation and was validated against a number of published low-pressure subcooled boiling experiments. The results s...