we report two cases of focal nodular hyperplasia in patients following gadoxetic acid (gd-eob-dtpa)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging confirmed with histopathology. these cases showed an atypical pattern during the delayed-hepatobiliary phase after the injection of gadoxetic acid. one case showed a total defect, and the other showed a peripheral ring-like enhancement without a visible central...

liver lesion is a common condition, which often detect incidentally. a large proportion of liver masses can be diagnosed by progression in imaging modalities. although, definite diagnosis of liver mass's nature can be made by biopsy of lesion and histopathologic examination, but with imaging findings, we can approach to the diagnosis. in this study, we review many valuable articles and scientif...

The term focal epithelial hyperplasia was introduced in 1965 to describe certain multiple nodular elevations of the oral mucosa observed among American Indians in New Mexico, USA and Mato Grossa district in Brazil. Since then it has been reported from several other countries including Iraq, Israel and South Africa. We report two cases of this disorder from North Western Frontier Province of Pak...

Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare contagious disease caused by human papilloma virus. Usually HPV involves either cutaneous or mucosal surfaces, whereas concomitant mucocutaneous involvement is extremely rare. We report such a unique case of multifocal epithelial hyperplasia involving multiple sites of oral cavity along with skin lesions in a 65-year-old female. We also discuss the probabl...

Focal epithelial hyperplasia or Heck's disease is an infrequent asymptomatic condition caused by human papillomavirus types 13 or 32 affecting the mucous membrane of the mouth and is commonly seen in young individuals. Firstly, it was described in Indians and Eskimos, but it exists in various populations. We present three cases of Heck's disease in an Afghan immigrant family group living in Ira...

Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a benign disease which has a chronic course that manifests as characteristic multiple small papules or nodules. They are predominantly found in the oral mucosa, gingiva and tongue. The surface of the lesions is smooth and it varies in size. It is an asymptomatic disease caused by human papillomavirus, affecting mainly children and adolescents. In this report, we ...

Focal epithelial hyperplasia or heck’s disease is an infrequent asymptomatic condition caused by human papillomavirus types 13 or 32 affecting the mucous membrane of the mouth and is commonly seen in young individuals. Firstly, it was described in Indians and eskimos, but it exists in various populations. We present three cases of heck’s disease in an afghan immigrant family group living in Ira...

Table 1. Benign Nodular Lesios M imicking HCC 1. Nodular hyperplasias 1) Focal nodular hyperplasia 2) Nodular regenerative hyperplasias 3) Large regenerative nodules 2. Benign epithelial tumors 1) Hepatocellular adenoma 2) H ile duct adenoma (peribiliary gland hamartoma) → von M yenburg complex (biliary hamartoma) 3. Vasoformative tumorous lesions 1) Cavernous hemangioma → Sclerosed hemangioma ...