Based on an exploratory discussion, the aim of this article is to investigate whether there is evidence of regressive specialization in the foreign trade pattern of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry since trade liberalization in the 1990s. A descriptive statistical analysis drew on data for foreign trade in pharmaceutical and organic chemical products, available in the Aliceweb system of th...

The recent global crisis, as a big crash ( Baldwin and Simon , 2009), has reduced foreign demand growth affecting total countries’ exports. Given the importance of foreign trade to nations and the reality that recent crisis has affected international trade we study the effects of the global financial crisis on trade relations between countries by using Ma and Cheng (2003) approach and by appl...

intra-industry trade (iit) comprises of instantaneous imports and exports of goods and services which are handled in a same industry. the importance of iit between trading partners refers to those tradable products that provide them with diversity and high technology. to expand its foreign trade relations, iran indeed requires such trade patterns that include diversification of goods and servic...

Based on the theory of technology spillover in international trade, this paper discusses the technological innovation effect of trade by taking the influence of domestic trade into account. Under the constraint of the production possibility frontier, there is either complementarity or substitutability between domestic and foreign trade. It must be decided whether resources should be concentrate...

Due to the complexity of economic system and the interactive effects between all kinds of economic variables and foreign trade, it is not easy to predict foreign trade volume. However, the difficulty in predicting foreign trade volume is usually attributed to the limitation of many conventional forecasting models. To improve the prediction performance, the study proposes a novel kernel-based en...

foreign trade of any country is considered as one of the major economic sectors of that society as far as some refer to trade as the “engine of growth”. foreign exchange rate and its volatilities is one of the effective factors determining foreign trade. the present paper deals with the impact of real exchange rate uncertainty on imports in iran during 1979-2009. in this respect, first, among v...

With the rapid spread of international financial crisis and the stagnation of world economic growth, the Xinjiang international trade is facing a very serious challenge. How to improve the international competitiveness is not only the need of the development of their own living, but also related to the development of national economy is healthy sustainable and stable or not in Xingjian. Therefo...

According to traditional trade theories, foreign trade affects economic growth via several channels such as knowledge and technology spillover, improvement of resources allocation, increasing productivity and competitiveness. Within the framework of new trade theories, the effect of foreign trade on economic growth is ambiguous, and this effect depends on the combination of the different effect...