Normally, the three most prevalent contagious mastitis pathogens considered are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Mycoplasma sp. Streptococcus agalactiae and Mycoplasma sp. are more rare, with less than 5% of operations affected (APHIS, 2008). However, Mycoplasma sp. is increasing in prevalence and more than 21% of large dairies, greater than 500 cows, may be affected in the U...

Accurate estimation of dry matter intake (DMI) is a prerequisite to meet animal performance targets without penalizing animal health and the environment. The objective of the current study was to evaluate some of the existing models in order to predict DMI when lactating dairy cows were offered a total mixed ration containing a high level of concentrates and locally produced agricultural by-pro...

This study evaluated 8 empirical models for their ability to accurately predict mean ruminal pH in beef cattle fed a wide range of diets. Models tested that use physically effective fiber (peNDF) as a dependent variable were Pitt et al. (1996, PIT), Mertens (1997, MER), Fox et al. (2004, FOX), Zebeli et al. (2006, ZB6), and Zebeli et al. (2008, ZB8), and those that use rumen VFA were Tamminga a...

soil water retention curve (swrc) is important in the studies of soil and water relationship, soil conservation, irrigation scheduling, drainage, solute transport, plant growth and crop water stress. the performance of 10 models (simons et al., libardy et al., campbell, farrell and larson, van genuchten, brooks and corey, driessen, exponential bruce-luxmore, power bruce-luxmore, and rogowski) w...

Rat growth repression caused by the presence in the diet of an unusually high concentration of certain individual amino acids has been reported (Hier et al., 1944; Graham et at., 1950; Niven et al., 1946; Martin, 1947; Van Pilsutm and Berg, 1950; Wretlind and Rose, 1950; Russel et al., 1952). It has been suggested that such repression may be due to amino acid imbalance (Hier et al., 1944) or th...

Chronic pain patients suffer from more than just pain; depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances, and decision-making abnormalities (Apkarian et al., 2004a) also significantly diminish their quality of life. Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic pain harms cortical areas unrelated to pain (Apkarian et al., 2004b; Acerra and Moseley, 2005), but whether these structural impairments and b...

introduction selection of the clear and transparent index for the precipitation using long-term homogeneous data is an important point for the researchers. several investigations have led to different indices for heavy rainfall. in some cases the specific amount of precipitation was used for heavy rainfall (rahimzadeh, 2005; masoodian, 2008; kamiguchi et al., 2006), e.g. alijani (2002) has sugg...