low-intensity laser therapy (lilt) is defined to supply direct biostimulative light energy to the cells. while several studies have demonstrated that lilt has stimulating effects on bone cells and can accelerate the repair process of the bone, others reported delayed fracture healing or no effects after lilt. the aim of this article was to review the studies evaluating the biomodulation effects...

Stress-intensity factors (SIFs) are the most important parameters in fracture mechanics analysis of structures. These parameters are evaluated for a stationary crack in functionally graded plates of arbitrary geometry using a novel Galerkin based mesh-free method. The method involves an element-free Galerkin method (EFGM), where the material properties are smooth functions of spatial coordinate...

      Many large oil and gas fields in the most productive world regions happen to be fractured. The exploration and development of these reservoirs is a true challenge for many operators. These difficulties are due to uncertainties in geological fracture properties such as aperture, length, connectivity and intensity distribution. To successfully address these challenges, it is paramount to im...

The drop in the MRI signal intensity, analysed without any normalisation, was found related to the intervertebral disc degeneration, but its association with low back pain remains controversial. The authors developed the analysis of MR signal intensity distribution (AMRSID) method that analyzes the 3D distribution of the normalized T2-weighted MR signal intensity within the intervertebral disc ...

background: fractures of femur are among the most important causes of mortality in musculoskeletal injuries. owning to lack of adequate research to compare various techniques of fracture stabilization, there has not yet been an agreement over a protocol to utilize a specific type of splint for femoral fracture immobilization. this study was thus conducted to compare the effects of simple and tr...

Materials fail by the nucleation and propagation of a crack, the critical condition of which is quantitatively described by fracture mechanics that uses an intensity of singular stress field characteristically formed near the crack-tip. However, the continuum assumption basing fracture mechanics obscures the prediction of failure of materials at the nanoscale due to discreteness of atoms. Here,...

Observations of natural fractures in core or image logs typically give limited information on orientation, aperture and intensity. Because of the sparseness of wellbore intersections of fractures, data analysis results in incomplete statistical characterization of the fracture population, leaving interwell characterization almost impossible. Using basic fracture mechanics models and a novel cor...

BACKGROUND Appropriate treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) requires knowledge of the age of the fracture. Although diagnostic imaging has made remarkable progress in recent years, it remains difficult to differentiate acute fractures from old. Our purpose was to investigate chronological changes in radiological findings after OVF and to identify discriminators of acute versus ol...