Zonal disintegration have been discovered in many underground tunnels with the increasing of embedded depth. The formation mechanism of such phenomenon is difficult to explain under the framework of traditional rock mechanics, and the fractured shape and forming conditions are unclear. The numerical simulation was carried out to research the generating condition and forming process of zonal dis...

A 0.035-inch guide wire fracture and entrapment in a peripheral artery is a very rare complication, but when it does occur it may lead to life-threatening complications, such as perforation, thrombus formation, embolization, and subsequent limb ischemia. We describe our experience of successfully retrieving a fractured 0.035-inch Terumo guide wire in the external iliac artery using a biopsy for...

Control of micro-organisms during completion of hydraulically fractured wells is a significant component in successful development of a production system. Detrimental bacteria—“bad bugs”—such as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) introduced into the reservoir during drilling or completion, can facilitate biogenic sulfide production, resulting in souring of production fluids and gas, iron sulfide f...

BACKGROUND In the internal fixation of fractured bone by means of bone-plates fastened to the bone on its tensile surface, an on-going concern has been the excessive stress-shielding of the bone by the excessively-stiff stainless-steel plate. The compressive stress-shielding at the fracture-interface immediately after fracture-fixation delays callus formation and bone healing. Likewise, the ten...

Hand fracture fixation in mutilating injuries is characterized by multiple challenges due to possible skeletal disorganization and concomitant severe injury of soft tissue structures. The effects of skeletal disruption are best analyzed as divided into specific locales in the hand: radial, ulnar, proximal, and distal. Functional consequences of injuries in each of these regions are discussed. A...

The aim of the study was to determine the most common causes of root canal failure in patients who reported to the operative department of AFID( Armed forces institute of dentistry) for retreatment. This was a cross sectional study carried out at the operative department of AFID Rawalpindi from January 2011 to December 2012. Among 200 patients included in the study,112 (56 %) were male and 88(4...