background and objectives: the purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of various heat shock conditions and fast freezing and subsequent thawing on the viability and recovery of bacillus coagulans and bacillus subtilis as probiotic sporeformers, and also to compare spore plate and microscopic counts. materials and methods: after preparing the final suspensions of b. coagulans an...

Immersion freezing of water and aqueous solutions by particles acting as ice nuclei (IN) is a common process of heterogeneous ice nucleation which occurs in many environments, especially in the atmosphere where it results in the glaciation of clouds. Here we experimentally show, using a variety of IN types suspended in various aqueous solutions, that immersion freezing temperatures and kinetics...

[1] Despite its atmospheric importance, homogeneous freezing of aqueous drops is poorly understood. Here we provide evidence that at atmospheric pressures the conditions leading to the initiation of freezing in pure water are those for which the liquid compressibility and the corresponding density fluctuations reach maxima. This liquid-only criterion for the onset of freezing contrasts with the...

Accurate simulation of soil water and heat transfer is critical to understand surface hydrology under cold conditions. Using an extended freezing code in HYDRUS-1D (freezing module), this study was conducted: (1) to evaluate the freezing module using field data collected in a grazed steppe of Inner Mongolia; and (2) to further simulate grazing effects on frozen soil hydrological processes. The ...

Background: Freezing is a common and ancient method for preservation of foods which is applicable both under household and industrial conditions. The objective of the study was to establish histological and microbiological changes in dorsal and abdominal muscles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after freezing once and twice. Methods: Forty-five fresh rainbow trout specimens were distribu...

Gait freezing is an episodic arrest of locomotion due to an inability to take normal steps. Pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation is an emerging therapy proposed to improve gait freezing, even where refractory to medication. However, the efficacy and precise effects of pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation on Parkinsonian gait disturbance are not established. The clinical application of this new ...

abstract in order to investigate the freezing tolerance of field grown fennel (fueniculum vulgare mill) under controlled conditions, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in agricultural college, ferdowsi university of mashhad in 2004. treatments were two fennel ecotypes (khorasan and kerman), two planting dates (oct 8th and 29th ) an...

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is the least cold-hardy turfgrass species. Development of freezing-tolerant St. Augustinegrass cultivars would greatly benefit home owners in many southern states of the US. Towards this breeding goal, 7800 plants regenerated through tissue culture and 36 germplasm accessions were screened for improved freezing tolerance. Among the con...