bottleneck in state courts and consequence resulting form it and the advantages which the disputes settlement has outside the court for governments and especially the parties to dispute led to increasing promotion of arbitration and use of new method of dispute settlement which are described as “alternative dispute resolution” (adr) are described. meanwhile, many of this method settle the dispu...

The United States has committed to promote Health Information Technology through Electronic Health Records that will be exchanged among participants in the healthcare enterprise. In anticipation of problems, legal remedies have been established to protect the rights of all participants, especially their rights to protect the privacy of their own information. However, there are certain to be sit...

The Canada-U.S. dispute over softwood lumber imports provides an important case in understanding issues of international bargaining and treaty compliance. Recent events in the dispute suggest that one of the leading theoretical accounts of treaty compliance does not offer an adequate explanation of state behavior. Policy makers should recognize the importance of cross-border ownership and indus...

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We present an unified methodology for representation and development of dialectical proof procedures in abstract argumentation based on the notions of legal environments and dispute derivations. A legal environment specifies the legal moves of the dispute parties while a dispute derivation describes the procedure structure. A key insight of this paper is that the opponent moves determine the so...

Infrastructure has played an agential role in the securitisation of everyday life Karakoram high mountains north Pakistan. Geopolitics bear heavily on this region where Pakistan shares borders with China, whom it aligned its foreign and security policy, India, remains embroiled a long-standing territorial dispute. Consequently, Karakoram, geopolitical anxieties have reflected inwards onto local...

The paper introduces an exclusion/inclusion fuzzy classification neural network. The network is based on our GFMM [3] and it allows for two distinct types of hyperboxes to be created: inclusion hyperboxes that correspond directly to those considered in GFMM, and exclusion hyperboxes that represent contentious areas of the pattern space. The subtraction of the exclusion hyperboxes from the inclu...

Efficient and equitable dispute resolution is key to avoiding systemic disturbance in the use and valorization of top level domain names (TLDs). Such dispute resolution is also important given the increasing number of clashes between TLD providers and managers and between trademark owners and generic (gTLD)-related registrants. ICANN policies/rules form the basis of gTLD-related second level do...