biofuels are playing important role in recent decades as substitutes for petro diesel. biodiesel derived from vegetable oils are found to give comparable performance and emission characteristics. in this paper a comparative study has been done between two fuels combinations i.e. jatropha and castor. the biodiesel was prepared from neat oils and blends of biodiesel (up till 20%) were prepared wi...

in order to reduce wear in gudgeon pin, bush and piston boss lubrication is done. oil used in national engine species was 10w40 with dynamic viscosity 5.5 mpa.s at 140 °c (the working temperature). in order to complete investigation the oil film hydrodynamics analysis in small end of connecting rod, a real full model engine with four cylinders has been simulated by avl excite5.1 software. in th...

This paper discusses the fundamentals and developments of miniaturized fuel cells, both biological and electrochemical. An overview of microfluidic fuel cells, miniaturized microbial fuel cells, enzymatic biofuel cells, and implanted biofuel cells in an attempt to provide green energy and to power implanted microdevices is provided. Also, the challenges and applications of each type of fuel cel...

We estimate a carbon mitigation cost curve for the U.S. commercial sector based on econometric estimation of the responsiveness of fuel demand and equipment choices to energy price changes. The model econometrically estimates fuel demand conditional on fuel choice, which is characterized by a multinomial logit model. Separate estimation of end uses (e.g., heating, cooking) using the U.S. Commer...

using the cropping operations program can significantly save fuel consumption and energy efficiency. prediction of the accurate amount of fuel requirements for tillage operation of the soil is difficult. changes in humidity, soil type and tillage depth directly affects on the amount of fuel consumption. bulk density of agricultural soils depends on tillage methods, the value of organic matter, ...

In this work, result of experimental investigation on interaction of fuel spray generated by a swirled type injector, with air motion in a prototype cylinder are presented. Experiments were carried out by planar imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques in order to provide information about the spray structure evolution and instantaneous velocity distribution of air motion and ...

proton exchange membrane fuel cells (pemfcs) with a dead-ended anode and cathode can obtain high hydrogen and oxygen utilization by a comparatively simple system. nevertheless, the accumulation of the water in the anode and cathode channels might cause a local fuel starvation degrading the performance and durability of pemfcs. in this study, a brand new design for a polymer electrolyte membrane...

The literature has traditionally approached fuel poverty as a result of poverty. Fuel poor are those households who cannot pay fuel bill and have to live in cold ambient, with grave effects on their health. As fuel poverty is actually considered in poverty’s analysis, there is little discussion about whether homeowners (who own housing wealth and, theoretically, cannot be poor) could suffer thi...

Most HWRs currently use natural uranium fuel. Using enriched uranium fuel results in a significant improvement in fuel cycle costs and uranium utilization. On the other hand, reactivity changes of HWRs over the full range of operating conditions from cold shutdown to full power are small. This reduces the required reactivity worth of control devices and minimizes local flux distribution perturb...