INTRODUCTION Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel use has been found to be responsible for more than 1.6 million annual deaths and 2.7% of the global burden of disease. This makes it the second biggest environmental contributor to ill health, behind unsafe water and sanitation. METHODS The main objective of this study was to investigate if there was any association between use of bio-fuels ...

Continued use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Biodiesel derived from oil crops is a potential renewable and carbon neutral alternati...

Many years of experience in several industries have shown that the use of wastes as alternative fuels in cement plants is both ecologically and economically justified. However, there are several factors that need assessment before using alternative fuels. Further, availability and cost are important factors too. Along with other alternative fuels, literature and case studies have revealed that ...

Liquid transportation fuels derived from coal and natural gas could helpthe United States reduce its dependence on petroleum. The fuels could be produced domestically or imported from fossil fuel-rich countries. The goal of this paper is to determine the life-cycle GHG emissions of coal- and natural gas-based Fischer-Tropsch (FT) liquids, as well as to compare production costs. The results show...

Introduction In the last years there is a growing interest in the development and study of alternative fuels across various transport industries. Aviation industry is no exception to this trend. Indeed, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) established the importance of sustainable low-carbon alternative aviation drop-in fuels in their recent Technology Roadmap [1] in order to repl...

Background Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from transportation sources will require implementation of a variety of strategies, including improvements in the efficiency of overall vehicle/fuel systems, such as hybrid and new high-efficiency diesel engines, and use of synthetic fuels to replace or supplement petroleum-based fuels. A particularly attractive class of synthetic fuels is oxyge...

Biomass fuels, charcoal and kerosene are the most used cooking fuels in Tanzania. Biomass fuel use has been linked to Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children. It is not clear whether the use of charcoal and kerosene has health advantage over biomass fuels. In this study, the effects of biomass fuels, charcoal/kerosene on ARI in children under five years old in Tanzania are quantified and...

Amyris is a renewable products company providing sustainable alternatives to a broad range of petroleumsourced products. Amyris applies its industrial synthetic biology platform to convert plant sugars into a variety of molecules flexible building blocks that can be used in a wide range of products. Amyris’s initial portfolio of commercial products is based on Biofene, Amyris’s brand of farnese...

The benefits of using alternative fuels (AFs) in the cement industry include reduction of the use of non-renewable fossil fuels and lower emissions of greenhouse gases, since fossil fuels are replaced with materials that would otherwise be degraded or incinerated with corresponding emissions and final residues. Furthermore, the use of alternative fuels maximizes the recovery of energy. Seven di...

organized work. It is not surprising, therefore, that the active groups of the enzymes should only be capable of acting in association with a carrier of a given structure. For, orderly biological processes are unthinkable without presupposing structure, and it is therefore out of the question that any living constituent of protoplasm could consist of structureless, fluid, independently displace...