OBJECTIVE To design an alternative painless method for vancomycin (VCM) monitoring by withdrawing interstitial fluid (ISF) the skin using dissolving microneedles (DMNs) and possibly replace the conventional clinical blood sampling method. METHODS Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. Vancomycin at 5 mg/mL in saline was intravenously administered via the jugula...

the present paper aims to investigate the effects of modularity and the layout of subsystems and parts of a complex system on its maintainability. for this purpose, four objective functions have been considered simultaneously: i) maximizing the level of accordance between system design and optimum modularity design,ii) maximizing the level of accessibility and the maintenance space required,iii...

Reliability of a power system is considerably influenced by its equipments. Power transformers are one of the most critical and expensive equipments of a power system and their proper functions are vital for the substations and utilities. Therefore, reliability model of power transformer is very important in the risk assessment of the engineering systems. This model shows the characteristic...

in recent years, underactuated nonlinear dynamic systems trajectory tracking, such as space robots and manipulators with structural flexibility, has become a major field of interest due to the complexity and high computational load of these systems. hierarchical sliding mode control has been investigated recently for these systems; however, the instability phenomena will possibly occur, especia...

Abstract Deep material networks (DMNs) are a recent multiscale technology which enable running concurrent simulations on industrial scale with the help of powerful surrogate models for micromechanical problem. Classically, parameters DMNs identified based linear elastic precomputations. Once identified, may process inelastic and were shown to reproduce full-field original microstructure high ac...