Using a new assay for membrane fusion between late Golgi/endosomal compartments, we have reconstituted a rapid, robust homotypic fusion reaction between membranes containing Kex2p and Ste13p, two enzymes resident in the yeast trans-Golgi network (TGN). Fusion was temperature, ATP, and cytosol dependent. It was inhibited by dilution, Ca+2 chelation, N-ethylmaleimide, and detergent. Coimmunoisola...

Intracellular vesicle fusion is mediated by SNAREs and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins. Despite intensive efforts, the SNARE-SM mediated vesicle fusion reaction has not been faithfully reconstituted in biochemical assays. Here, we present an unexpected discovery that macromolecular crowding is required for reconstituting the vesicle fusion reaction in vitro. Macromolecular crowding is known to profou...

globally, brucella melitensis and b. abortus are the most common cause of human brucellosis. the outer membrane protein 31 (omp31) and l7/l12 are immunodominant and protective antigens conserved in human brucella pathogens which are considered as potential vaccine candidates. we aimed to design the fusion protein from brucella l7/l12 and truncated omp31proteins, in silico , clone the fusion in ...

Measurements of mass and angular distributions have been made for fission-like outcomes in reactions forming isotopes flerovium (Z=114), using 48Ca, 50Ti, 54Cr projectiles. The dominant fast quasifission process, which masks the presence fusion-fission, has minimum yield at most backward angles, where sensitivity to fusion-fission is thus highest. In fitting angle spectra, only weak evidence a ...

To investigate the properties of phagolysosome (PL) fusion in Acanthamoeba homogenates, it was necessary to develop reliable methods for measuring in vitro PL fusion. The need to distinguish PL fusion from PL adhesion was met by the development of a quantitative electron microscope assay. Initial characterization of the fusion reaction by this method was followed by the development of a more ra...

The most successful reaction type for the production of heavy nuclei is fusion of two colliding nuclei to form an excited compound nucleus, which subsequently deexcites by evaporation of few neutrons [1]. However, this so called fusion-evaporation reaction is strongly dominated by the fusion–fission reaction which is the main deexcitation channel of the excited compound nuclei [2]. Thus, the in...

One of the results of recent experiments is the lack of signature of D-D reaction as in standard fusion process; this is part of the reason to suggest that D-D fusion doesn’t take place [1]. However, Takahashi suggests new possible reaction in the context of cluster deuterium, called 4D fusion [1][2][3], this mechanism seems to enable reaction at low temperature (CMNS). His result (2009) can be...

The membrane fusion reaction promoted by the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) fusion (F) proteins and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins was characterized when the surface densities of F and HN were varied. Using a quantitative content mixing assay, it was found that the extent of SV5 F-mediated fusion was dependent on the surface density o...