The task-switch paradigm has helped psychologists gain insight into the processes involved in changing from one activity to another. The literature has yielded consistent results about switch cost reconfiguration (abrupt offset in regular task-switch vs. gradual reduction in random task-switch; endogenous and exogenous components of switch cost; cost asymmetry...). In this study we present seve...

This paper is devoted to the study of discrete implications that satisfy modus ponens (MP), modus tollens (MT) or both (MPT). The main goal is to characterize all R, S, QL and D-implications on a finite chain L satisfying these properties for a given smooth t-norm T1. The non-smooth case is also discussed for a special family of t-norms.

Based on our previous researchs about generalized modus ponens (GMP) with linguistic modifiers for If ... Then rules, this paper proposes new generalized modus tollens (GMT) inference rules with linguistic modifiers in linguistic many–valued logic framework with using hedge moving rules for inverse approximate reasoning.

Holographic reduced representation is based on a suitable distributive coding of structured information in conceptual vectors, which elements satisfy normal distribution N(0,1/n). Existing applications of this approach concern various models of associative memory that exploit a simple algebraic operation of scalar product of distributed representations to measure an overlap between two structur...

Uncertain entailment is a methodology for calculating the truth value of an uncertain formula via the maximum uncertainty principle when the truth values of other uncertain formulas are given. In order to find the truth value of additional formula, this paper will introduce an entailment model. As applications of uncertain entailment, this paper will also discuss modus ponens, modus tollens, an...

This paper is devoted to the research of full implication triple I method under Pythagorean fuzzy environment. We first propose concepts t-norm, t-conorm, residual operator (RPFIO) and biresiduum. The for modus ponens (PFMP) tollens (PFMT) are also established. In addition, properties PFMP PFMT models including robustness, continuity reversibility analyzed. Finally, a practical problem discusse...

The overlap function, a particular kind of binary aggregate has been extensively utilized in decision-making, image manipulation, classification, and other fields. With regard to function theory, many scholars have also obtained achievements, such as pseudo-overlap quasi-overlap semi-overlap etc. above generalized functions contain commutativity continuity, which makes them some limitations pra...

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kasus pemecahan masalah modus tollens yang berkaitan dengan keyakinan. adalah penelitian kualitatis kenis studi kasus. Kasus dikaji dalam kolektif. Subjek tiga mahasiswa Pendidikan matematika telah belajar logika matematika. Instrumen Peneliti, tollens, rubrik indikator, lembar validasi, buku catatan dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil proses mental terkategori menjad...