In this paper, we present the verification and validation of an agent-based model of forest fires. We use a combination of a Virtual Overlay Multi-Agent System (VOMAS) validation scheme with Fire Weather Index (FWI) to validate the forest fire Simulation. FWI is based on decades of real forest fire data and is now regarded as a standard index for fire probability with wide usage across Canada, ...

In this study, output of the Hadley Centre Regional Circulation Model (RCM) (HadRM3P, 0.44° × 0.44° resolution) was used as input to the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) for the present and 2 future IPCC climate scenarios (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios [SRES], A2 and B2 scenarios). The aim was to investigate the effects of climate change on fire risk (number of days with fire ri...

The FWI-tel instantaneous is a system for computing a forest fire risk index; it elaborates instantaneous weather maps to evaluate fire risk indicator on alpine regions. This system is based on the previsional Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) adjusted for continental Europe latitudes and climatology and adapted to alpine regions orography. FWI is a meteorological index, which uses as input dat...

Wildfires are a major concern on the Iberian Peninsula, and the establishment of effective prevention and early warning systems are crucial to reduce impacts and losses. Fire weather indices are daily indicators of fire danger based upon meteorological information. However, their application in many studies is conditioned to the availability of sufficiently large climatological time series over...

Forest fires cost millions of dollars in damages and claim many human lives every year. Apart from preventive measures, early detection and suppression of fires is the only way to minimize the damages and casualties. We present the design and evaluation of a wireless sensor network for early detection of forest fires. We first present the key aspects in modeling forest fires. We do this by anal...

Snow stratigraphy and liquid water content are key contributing factors to avalanche formation. Upward-looking groundpenetrating radar (upGPR) systems allow nondestructive monitoring of the snowpack, but deriving density and liquid water content profiles is not yet possible based on the direct analysis of the reflection response. We have investigated the feasibility of deducing these quantities...

Changes in reservoir properties resulting from extracting hydrocarbons and injecting fluid are critical to optimize production. These properties can be characterized using waveform inversions of time-lapse seismic data. The conventional approach for analysis using waveform tomography is to take the difference of seismic inversion obtained using baseline and subsequent time-lapse datasets that a...

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an effective and efficient data-fitting technique that has been widely used to produce accurate estimation of model parameters in Geophysics. The efficiency and accuracy of FWI are determined by the three main components: numerical solution for forward problem, gradient calculation and model update which usually involves the optimization method. The success of t...

Posterior crossbite may affect craniofacial growth and development. Thus, this study aimed to associate facial dimensions (by standardized frontal photographs) to masseter and anterior portion of the temporal muscle thickness (by ultrasonography) and maximal bilateral bite force in 49 children with deciduous and early mixed dentitions. They were distributed in four groups: deciduous-normal occl...