HIV genotyping has led to conflicting results between laboratories. Therefore, identifying the most accurate gene combinations to sequence remains a priority. Datasets of Chinese HIV subtypes based on several markers and deposited in PubMed, Metstr, CNKI, and VIP databases between 2000 and 2015 were studied. In total, 9177 cases of amplification-positive samples from 26 provinces of China were ...

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are being developed for clinical use in humans for applications including gene therapy and immunotherapy. A safety concern for use of LVs in humans is the generation of replication-competent lentivirus (RCL), which may arise due to recombination between the split genomes of third-generation LVs. Although no RCL has been detected to date, design optimizations that minimi...

Longitudinal IgG recognition patterns of viral proteins were studied in 15 men who had seroconverted for lymphadenopathy associated virus/human T lymphotropic virus (LAV/HTLV-III). Antibodies to the major viral core protein p24, which is a cleavage product of the gag gene encoded precursor protein pr55, appeared first. These were soon followed by antibodies to pr55 and more gradually by antibod...

RESULTS: Inhibition of the BMPR signaling pathway inhibited Runx2 and BSPII gene expression of primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on MC-GAG. In contrast, inhibition of the MEK/ERK axis downregulated BSPII expression on Col-GAG independent of Runx2 expression. While inhibition of the BMPR signaling pathway resulted in decreased mineralization on both Col-GAG and MC-GAG, inhibition of t...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, 18-22 nt long, noncoding RNAs that act as potent negative gene regulators in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. To repress gene expression, miRNAs are packaged into RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) that target mRNAs for degradation and/or translational repression in a sequence-specific manner. Recently, miRNAs have been shown to also inte...

Botrytis aclada and allii, associated with onion gray-mold neck rot isolated in Hokkaido, were tested for sensitivity to benzimidazole. Of the B. strains, 59% highly resistant remaining 41% sensitive; all strains of allii sensitive. Resistant widespread Hokkaido. We analyzed sequences β-tubulin gene detected replacement glutamic acid (GAG) by lysine (AAG) at codon 198. This is first report benz...

The pol gene of Rous sarcoma virus is positioned downstream of the gag gene in a different, briefly overlapping reading frame; nevertheless, the primary translation product of pol is a gag-pol fusion protein. Two mechanisms, ribosomal frameshifting and RNA splicing, have been considered to explain this phenomenon. The frameshifting model is supported by synthesis of both gag protein and gag-pol...

Several retroviruses have recently been shown to promote translation of their gag gene products by internal ribosome entry. In this report, we show that mRNAs containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag open reading frame (ORF) exhibit internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity that can promote translational initiation of Pr55(gag). Remarkably, this IRES activity is driven ...

The functional exchangeability of the rev gene was assessed in transient transfection experiments by using in vitro-constructed rev and gag mutants of the following three primate lentiviruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus from the African green monkey (SIV AGM). Cotransfection into SW480 cells of the rev and gag mutants derived from the D...