Cocktail II (a further development of Cocktail) is an interactive tool for deriving programs from specifications. Instead of verifying a program after it was constructed, Cocktail II aids the goal oriented derivation of a program. First, the user provides a preand postcondition. Then, the gap between these conditions is filled by manually inserting statements, constructing the program step by s...

We survey research that studies the connection between the computational complexity of optimization problems on the one hand, and the duality gap between the primal and dual optimization problems on the other. To our knowledge, this is the first survey that connects the two very important areas. We further look at a similar phenomenon in finite model theory relating to complexity and optimization.

Successful implementation of food supply chains in improving the productivity and operational efficiency by some companies made many other firms and researchers courteous about this fast developing field. For successful strategies, organizations in agri-food business are aiming to bring all its stakeholders in close cooperation. The agri-food supply chain aims at optimal warehousing and locatio...

Using a set-valued dual cost function we give a new approach to duality theory for linear vector optimization problems. We develop the theory very close to the scalar case. Especially, in contrast to known results, we avoid the appearance of a duality gap in case of b = 0. Examples are given.

We consider the problem of budget feasible mechanism design proposed by Singer (2010), but in a Bayesian setting. A principal has a public value for hiring a subset of the agents and a budget, while the agents have private costs for being hired. We consider both additive and submodular value functions of the principal. We show that there are simple, practical, ex post budget balanced posted pri...

Land-cover mapping efforts within the USGS Gap Analysis Program have traditionally been state-centered; each state having the responsibility of implementing a project design for the geographic area within their state boundaries. The Southwest Regional Gap Analysis Project (SWReGAP) was the first formal GAP project designed at a regional, multi-state scale. The project area comprises the southwe...

We consider the problem of finding target vectors for which the nonzero duality gap exists in the problem of convex optimization. An infinitesimal approach to the duality gap analysis of convex problems is proposed. The approach is based on finding the order of smallness and the proportionality coefficient of perturbation function of the original optimization problem. We show that in case of du...

In the current study, a thermal model was used to investigate the effects of welding parameters on the distribution of temperature in wide gap aluminothermic rail welds. To solve the governing thermal equation, SUTCAST, a finite difference program (FDM) was employed while different aspects such as phase change and convective heat transfer in weld pool were taken into account in the numerical so...