This study decomposed shocks of the global crude oil (GCO) market and Korean gasoline (KG) into six types using structural vector auto-regressive model. Breaking down six, we analyzed how each shock affects macroeconomy in Korea. Results analysis revealed that supply did not cause a large fluctuation prices, but it harmed macroeconomy. By contrast, two on demand side GCO caused increase domesti...

In the refining process, a large amount of data are generated in daily production, and how to make full use these improve accuracy simulation is key improving operation level refineries. At same time, with increasing environmental regulations improvement gasoline diesel quality standards, ratio also changing people’s demand for fuel consumption. Catalytic cracking light cycle oil (LCO) hydrogen...

In recent years, hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have been applied to extract crude oil from tight reservoirs, including the Bakken formation. There is growing interest in understanding the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the development of tight oil. We conducted a life cycle assessment of Bakken crude using data from operations throughout the supply chain, includin...

The U.S. ethanol fuel industry has experienced preferential treatment from federal and state governments ever since the Energy Tax Act of 1978 exempted 10% ethanol/gasoline blend (gasohol) from the federal excise tax. Combined with a 54 ¢/gal ethanol import tariff, this exemption was designed to provide incentives for the establishment and development of a U.S. ethanol industry. Despite these t...

The fundamental purpose of the petroleum refining industry is to convert crude oil into refined products comprising more than 2,500 substances. Among are liquefied gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene, fuel oils, diesel lubricating and feedstocks, which have a variety uses in petrochemical other industries. refinery process begins with storage continues handling operations before concluding separa...

In horizontal mergers, concentration is often measured with the Hirschmann-Herfindahl Index (HHI). This index yields the price-cost margins in Cournot competition. In many modern merger cases, both buyers and sellers have market power, and indeed, the buyers and sellers may be the same set of firms. In such cases, the HHI is inapplicable. We develop an alternative theory that has similar data r...

Toluene occurs naturally as a component of crude oil and is produced in petroleum refining and coke oven operations; toluene is a major aromatic constituent of gasoline (HSDB, 1999). It is used in household aerosols, nail polish, paints and paint thinners, lacquers, rust inhibitor, adhesives and solvent based cleaning agents. Toluene is also utilized in printing operations, leather tanning and ...

The application of elaborately designed magnetic catalysts has long been limited to ease their separation from the products only. In this paper, we for the first time employed a magnetic sulphonated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin catalyst on a magnetically stabilized-bed (MSB) reactor to enhance the etherification of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) light gasoline, one of the most importa...

The major microbial problem in the petroleum refining industry is contamination of stored products, which can lead to loss of product quality, formation of sludge and deterioration of pipework and storage tanks, both in the refinery and at the end-user. Three major classes of fuel are discussed in this article gasoline, aviation kerosene and diesel, corresponding to increasingly heavy petroleum...

Hydrocracking has great importance in present day refining due to strict environmental and norms of quality of fuel. In recent years the demand for middle distillate and gasoline has increased tremendously while that of heavy gas has decreased. In the present work we have modeled and then applied five lump scheme to hydrocracker reactor. The first order kinetics was assumed for the conversion i...